68 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES 



remnants of the ploughing-up of the Scandinavian Drift, of which 

 otherwise no traces are left in these areas. No implements of undoubted 

 human origin have been found in the Great Chalky Boulder Clay, but 

 Mr. Reid Moir has from time to time announced discoveries of Mous- 

 terian flakes and points. Even if the flaking on these flints is accepted, 

 I feel that the provenance of many is questionable, for the deposits in 

 which they were found may have been a second (Upper) Chalky Boulder 

 Clay, to be referred to later as the Upper Chalky Drift. 



Long ago Clement Reid and James Geikie stated their belief that the far- 

 famed Cromer Till of the coast of Norfolk passed laterally into the Great 

 Chalky Boulder Clay. In Geikie 's view the Cromer Till and Contorted 

 Drift were the product of his second glaciation, the Weybourn Crag 

 representing his first glaciation of the east of England. I have elsewhere 

 summarised the stratigraphical evidence bearing on this point and need 

 only say here that the Weybourn Crag does not itself appear to me to 

 yield evidence of more than the gradual refrigeration of climate in late 

 Pliocene times. In its lithological characters the Cromer Till is essentially 

 diff'erent from the Norwich Brickearth. It contains numerous erratics 

 of British type, but Scandinavian erratics also occur here and there. 

 To explain the archaeological difficulties, I should be inclined to regard 

 the Cromer Till and Great Chalky Boulder Clay as contemporaneous, 

 but Dr. J. D. Solomon prefers to follow Harmer in grouping the Cromer 

 Till with the Norwich Brickearth. 



The general lithology of the deposit and the sporadic occurrence of 

 the erratics suggest that the Till melted out in water, possibly when the 

 ice-margin was slowly retreating from the area. Mr. Solomon adduces 

 good evidence in support of the view that Clement Reid's subdivisions 

 of the Cromer Till, the First and Second Tills of the Mundesley area, 

 separated by sands and loams, represent an oscillation during the glaciation, 

 when a temporary retreat of the ice permitted the deposition of sands 

 and loams in a lake-like area of water. 



F. W. Harmer followed James Geikie in grouping with the Cromer 

 Till the Contorted Drift, which overlies and incorporates portions of 

 the Till. He also correlated both of them with the Norwich Brickearth, 

 and with the highly Chalky Drift of Sheringham and Weybourn, holding 

 firmly to the opinion that the Cromer Ridge was the terminal moraine 

 of the North Sea (Scandinavian) ice-sheet, of which the Norwich Brick- 

 earth was the moraine profonde. But the topography of the Cromer 

 Moraine is youthful and almost unmodified by erosion, as many observers 

 have noted. The correlation of the Cromer Moraine with the Norwich 

 Brickearth cannot be maintained on the geological evidence, and it breaks 

 down entirely when the archaeological succession is taken into account. 



The marly or chalky drift of the Weybourn area was regarded by 

 H. B. Woodward and the Geological Survey as part of the Great Chalky 

 Boulder Clay, contemporaneous with that exposed, for example, at Cawston, 

 which contains erratics of Neocomian Sandstone, Red Chalk, and tabular 

 Lincolnshire flint. This Chalky-Neocomian Boulder Clay is a facies 

 of the Great Chalky Boulder Clay and is clearly the lateral equivalent 

 of the Chalky-Jurassic Boulder Clay. As indicated on Harmer's maps, 



