83 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES 



again, it has yielded but few implements, and those appear to be of 

 Late Acheulian and Levalloisian types. Some part of the Irish Sea 

 ice is known to have flowed over into the Trent drainage (as in Doveholes, 

 the Rudyard gorge and the Gnosall gap), but the exact relationship of the 

 various glacial and interglacial stages has yet to be established. In 

 many cases the ' Older River Gravels ' are intimately connected with 

 late-glacial flood-deposits, the transition being gradual and difficult to 

 trace. In the areas subjected to the influence of the Pennine and the 

 Chalky Boulder Clay glaciers, the two ice-streams often appear to have 

 met and coalesced, continuing their southward journey as though they 

 were almost, if not exactly, synchronous. The faunas recorded from 

 the valley-gravels are often of mixed character, including both the cold 

 and warm faunas referred to above. In the case of old records, it is 

 possible that collecting may not have been carried out with discrimina- 

 tion, but in the case of modern records the explanation must lie in the 

 erosion and redeposition of gravels, whereby the faunas have been mixed. 



In one area, that of Kenilworth, recent re-examination of the deposits 

 of the Avon basin has yielded to Mr. F. W. Shotton what are possibly 

 Early Acheulian hand-axes of quartzite. These were obtained from 

 the Baginton gravels, which he regards as interglacial, for they lie below 

 the local Chalky Boulder Clay at Lillington (the Upper Chalky- Jurassic 

 Boulder Clay of Dr. HoUingworth) and above a lower Boulder Clay 

 containing Keuper debris (the Lower Chalky-Jurassic Boulder Clay 

 of the same author). The gravels contain a cold fauna, including 

 mammoth and woolly rhinoceros. From the fluvio-glacial gravels above 

 the Chalky Boulder Clay Mr. Shotton has obtained a doubtful Leval- 

 loisian flake. The stratigraphical relationships of these rare implements 

 have not been established with certainty, and probably for this reason 

 the succession cannot be correlated entirely satisfactorily with that in 

 eastern England. Difiiculties also arise in the correlation of these deposits 

 with those of the Avon-Stour area described by Miss Tomlinson, but 

 future work may be expected to resolve them. 



At Biddenham and Kempston, near Bedford, in the Great Ouse Valley, 

 Mr. H. Dewey has drawn attention to the occurrence of gravel at about 

 40 feet above present river-level, the lower evenly-bedded portion of 

 which contains core hand-axes and Levalloisian disc-implements and 

 blades. The upper portion of the gravel, which breaks its way irregu- 

 larly into the lower beds, ravining and contorting the even bedding, 

 contains masses of Chalky Boulder Clay and heavily rolled implements. 

 The masses of Boulder Clay (Mr. Dewey argues from the field evidence) 

 were obviously frozen hard when they disrupted the lower gravel. As 

 he rightly suggests, the succession is similar to that at Ipswich and at 

 Hoxne. Mousterian implements have been found at St. Neots by 

 Mr. C. F. Tebbutt, in gravels of the Great Ouse, 10 feet above the river. 

 Prof. Marr considers the succession here to be similar to that of the 

 deposits of the river Cam. 



Other records of Palaeolithic industries in Britain are so scanty as to 

 yield little evidence for purposes of comparison. Plateau Gravels in 

 the Bristol district have been compared by Prof. L. S. Palmer with 



