SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS— E. 343 



study. The aspect of the matter which best rewards investigation is that 

 of harmonious grouping, since the character of the new features of construc- 

 tion is largely determined by considerations beyond possibihty of adminis- 

 trative control. 



In the present paper the author emphasises the preponderating import- 

 ance to regional planning of (i) architectural elevations which will take 

 their place quietly in the rural landscape, particularly in respect of tone and 

 colour ; (2) a large increase of tree-planting and gardening in the towns 

 to relieve the hardness of line and harshness of surface which make the 

 merely architectural landscape inexpressibly fatiguing to the eye, no matter 

 how excellent its design may be ; (3) the compact instead of radial arrange- 

 ment of suburbs, permitting a definite grouping of architectural and natural 

 features ; and (4) the reservation of selected areas of wild scenery as National 

 Parks and Sanctuaries for rare species of animals and plants, in order that 

 our predominantly urban population shall not lose touch with that spon- 

 taneous aspect of nature which has so profound an influence upon the 

 nobler aspirations of the mind. 



Dr. P. W. Bryan. — Type patterns in the geographical distribution of 

 buildings. 



This paper examines characteristic patterns of settlement. Man engages 

 in activity to satisfy his desires. He adapts and modifies his natural sur- 

 roundings, or the natural landscape. In the process he is forced by nature 

 to modify his activities to fit into his surroundings. The concrete expression 

 of his activity in relation to nature is the cultural landscape, that is, the 

 natural landscape as modified by man. The cultural landscape takes 

 various forms as man endeavours to satisfy his desire for shelter, cultivated 

 products, raw materials, power, manufactures, exchange, transport, govern- 

 ment, recreation, and the gratification of the aesthetic senses. 



Of these forms the shelter or building is the most universal. The distri- 

 bution of buildings in the landscape forms readily recognisable patterns. 

 These patterns vary in response to the number of people, the type of activity 

 carried on, the time-period factor, and the physical setting. The rnore 

 characteristic of these patterns observed in England and Wales are classified 

 and compared with characteristic patterns in other parts of the world. 



Mr. W. Fogg. — The ' Suq ' in Morocco. 



In Morocco, even where sedentarism is dominant, there are no shops 

 in the douars, and no exchanges between douar and douar, and, apart from 

 the few towns of the coast and interior, commercial life takes place at fairs. 

 Of these there are three types: (a) ' mouggar,' large annual fairs held 

 on the borders of the Sahara ; (6) ' amara,' annual religious festivals, 

 which are also fairs ; (c) ' suqs ' or weekly fairs. It is with the latter that 

 the present paper is concerned. They are much more general in develop- 

 ment than the annual fairs, and, although their primary function is exchange, 

 it includes the administering of tribal justice and legal settlements. They 

 have fundamental significance in the social and political life of the country 

 also. 



The ' suq ' is ephemeral, but for the few hours of its weekly existence 

 functions like a European market-town, and, in the life of Morocco, seems 

 to take the place of such. As the ' suq ' is not expressed by anything 

 permanent such as buildings, its existence as a characteristic institution 

 of Moroccan life seems to explain a dominant feature of the geography of 



