SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— F*. 355 



least, students sufficiently mature in mind and experience to participate 

 profitably in case discussions. 



Teaching by the Case Method is likely to be slow. The method is 

 relatively unsuited for the orderly communication of systematised knowledge, 

 particularly where the variables involved are comparatively few. On the 

 other hand, the method is very flexible ; and where, as in business, variables 

 are numerous and independent, where appropriate relative weights must 

 somehow be attached to factors themselves incommensurable, there the 

 Case Method provides one valuable instrument for developing a suitable 

 technique of analysis and attack, and for training the qualities of practical 

 judgment which business decisions require. 



The Hon. J. F. A. Browne. — -Some suggestions for co-operation between 

 the universities and industry and commerce in the matter of place- 

 ment. 



The scope of this paper is not to consider those who have been trained as 

 specialists in some subject, such as chemists, physicists, or engineers, but 

 rather those who have taken a university degree in more general subjects, 

 and who leave the universities not specifically qualified for any definite 

 vocation. 



Some consideration of what leaders of industry and commerce look for 

 in recruitment, and of the great variety of opinions held by them as regards 

 the qualifications of university men. 



What the universities claim for the university man. 



Some suggestions for discussion and consideration of various aspects of 

 the problem on both sides : What industry has already done ; a more specific 

 description of its requirements ; more systematic selection ; the problem 

 of the small firm ; what the universities have already done ; the functions 

 of Appointments Boards ; the danger of more specialised training. 



A general appeal for the consideration of the university woman. 



Monday, September 5. 



Afternoon. 

 Discussion on The techniques, possibilities and limitations of the measure- 

 ment of human effort as a\ basis of monetary reward (Chairman : 

 Dr. C. S. Myers, C.B.E., F.R.S. ; Dr. C. H. Northcott; Dr. G. H. 

 Miles) :— 



Dr. C. H. Northcott. — Possibilities and limitations. 

 Financial reward may be expressed in relation to time or to quantity. 

 Effort is most easily correlated with reward in terms of quantity of produc- 

 tion. But human activity, if spontaneous, is irregular and variable ; it 

 becomes measurable when standardised and mechanised. Within what 

 limits do industrial processes permit of measurement ? Less and more 

 scientific methods of measurement. Consideration of possibilities and 

 conditions. 



Limitations arise from : 



(i) Degree to which motivation of human effort may be affected by 



financial rewards ; 

 (2) Reflex effect of proposals upon motivation. 

 Consideration of incentives of non-financial kind, and of the safeguards 

 necessary in financial incentives to secure full effort. 



