370 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS— H. 



as a whole gave well-marked differences. Hence ' nordic,' ' alpine,' ' dinaric,' 

 etc., have not the immunologic specificity of the old races like Mongols, 

 Negroes, etc. 



2. The results on blood groups are based on more than 4,000 cases, and 

 the general results of our work on blood groups with regard to the different 

 anthropological traits, as, for instance, colour of eyes, colour of hair, seem 

 to lead to the conclusion that the racial significance of blood groups is but 

 very small and that, at least, it has been grossly overrated. Our previous 

 studies on the decay of teeth amongst different races led us to the investiga- 

 tion of the condition of teeth with regard to blood groups. Amongst the 

 3,000 records on blood groups from Brno we had 700 young men between 

 the ages of eighteen and twenty-two whose teeth we were able to examine. 

 Generally speaking, we found the highest percentage of faultless teeth 

 amongst people with blood group I (0 agglutinogen), and the same holds 

 true for sets of teeth with very little decay. This investigation gives a 

 strong hint that blood groups seem to belong to the constitutional qualities, 

 and therefore can be found all over the world. 



(ii) Eyebrows and eyelashes in man. 



The present paper is the outcome of nearly 600 observations on eyebrows 

 and eyelashes made by one of our students, Mr. Rozpr;^m, of the Anthro- 

 pological Institute, Masaryk University in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Mr. 

 Rozprym studied the different forms — colour of eyebrows and eyelashes in 

 relation to sex and age, and also with regard to heredity, and arrived 

 at the following conclusions : (i) There are several forms of eyebrows 

 which do not change with the age of the subject. (2) The position of the 

 eyebrows in relation to the upper orbital margin depends on age, for with 

 advancing age the eyebrows sink below the upper margin of the orbit. (3) 

 Amongst the common forms of eyebrows a distinct sexual dimorphism has 

 been observed, the ' even ' form being found in 70 per cent, in women and 

 the ' double ' form in 71 per cent, in men. (4) The colour of the eyebrows 

 occurs in the same shades as the colour of the hair, is independent of the 

 form of eyebrows, and is hereditary. (5) There are only very few forms of 

 eyelashes, yet the noticeably long and curved eyelashes are decidedly an 

 infantile form, fall out during the age of puberty and are replaced by an adult 

 form. There is no correlation between the colour of eyelashes and the colour 

 of eyebrows and of hair, for quite blond types have dark eyelashes. The 

 longest eyelashes are in the upper lid and in front of the pupilar opening of 

 the eye. It would be of great interest to follow up this study amongst 

 different races of mankind — Negroes, Mongols, Ainus, Weddahs, etc. ; in 

 other words, to study it in races with very little and very much hair. And 

 in addition to this a thorough survey of these characters in apes and monkeys 

 should be of very much interest and value. 



Afternoon. 



Joint Discussion with Section D (Zoology, q.v.) on The Primates and 

 early man. 



Dr. Cyril Fox. — The frontier dykes of Wales. 



A survey of the running earthworks of the Welsh Marches has been in 

 progress for seven years. 



These earthworks, linked with natural obstacles, form a continuous 

 frontier from the estuary of the Dee to the estuary of the Severn, a distance 



