372 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS— H. 



systematic research, has provided evidence of a stratified sequence of 

 occupation levels ranging from the latest phase of Developed Aurignacian 

 (Creswellian) at its base, free from Tardenois influences, to the earliest 

 Neolithic ; also successive Neolithic and Bronze Age occupations. 

 Tardenois culture is represented by several horizons and can be broadly 

 classified as early and late. By reason of the extent of this site, the abund- 

 ance of stratified material and the numerous occupation zones representative 

 of the whole Tardenois period, it is claimed that Risby Warren is the type 

 station for this culture in England. 



Rev. H. G. Williams. — Pygmy flints from the Cleveland Hills. 



Introduction. — How I first became interested in prehistoric flints in 1927. 

 Bransdale and Farndale the scene of my researches. How I was led to 

 discover my first pygmy site at Farndale Head : abundance of flint on this 

 particular part of moor. Ignorance at first. Specimens sent to British 

 Museum and information received. Interest aroused and greater and more 

 intensive search made. Most of pygmies found on surface. Later on flint 

 found under turf by digging. Best specimens, however, on surface. 

 Turf in most places not deep. Sand underneath and pygmies lying on 

 sand or just in turf. Further discoveries made about half a mile to the 

 east of the site. Odd chippings found, but in no great quantity. A site 

 discovered on Blakey Ridge. Cores and flakes fairly abundant, but im- 

 plements scarce. Flint here mostly white. A few implements found near 

 Danby by Mr. R. W. Crosland and forwarded to Middlesbrough Museum. 

 Further discoveries made in Bransdale. Pygmy flakes found above Stork 

 House on moor, but not abundant. Apparently sites on this moor, but unable 

 to locate them. Only two or three good specimens found, the best being a 

 knife and a ' needle.' In 193 1 more chippings found in another direction 

 by one of the dalesmen. Nosearchmade. To sum up : little digging done, 

 finds mostly on surface and comprising the following : cores, knives, small 

 triangles, ' needles,' gravers, scrapers, points, etc., few micro-gravers 

 and burins, and two or three thumb flints (small). 



Mr. F. Buckley. — Mesolithic artifacts from the Pennine Chain. 



Not much of the Pennine Chain has yet been thoroughly searched for 

 traces of Mesolithic occupation. Conclusions must therefore be drawn 

 from excavations on specially favoured sites — e.g. at both ends of the 

 Standedge Ridge (Yorks.), where the whole Chain narrows down to 

 a single ridge. Mesolithic man was bound to pass that way, if he avoided 

 the valleys. In the peat are found stray Bronze Age and Neolithic tools ; 

 in the soil under the peat the occupation sites of various Mesolithic peoples 

 have been excavated. These contain the relics of two distinct races of 

 Tardenois folk, called locally the ' Narrow Blade ' and the ' Broad Blade ' 

 industries. The former made numerous small geometric tools, perhaps 

 as teeth for harpoons ; they used open-air encampments and wandered 

 freely over all the hills. The ' Broad Blade ' people made few geometric 

 tools, but many pointed blades. They travelled only along the watershed 

 ridge, and erected huts or wigwams on their camping sites. The Micro- 

 Graver is common to both industries ; small Angle Gravers and True 

 Gravers are found. The hearths have yielded wood remains, giving data 

 as to tree distribution in Mesolithic times. 



Discussion on papers previously communicated. 



