42 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF YORK AND DISTRICT 



ice, and lying below the peat (6 in.-i5 ft.) which covers the tops of the 

 moors. They include triangular points made from tabular blocks of 

 chert, cores and flakes ; a massive scraper ; and a flake with bulb of 

 percussion. As there is nothing in their form or technique which is 

 comparable to well-known Palaeolithic types, Collins finds it impossible 

 to date them ; though, as they are an advance on implements from lateral 

 moraines, he thinks they might be Upper Palaeolithic. 



(2) Implements from terraces and river gravels, consisting of material 

 apparently washed out of the lateral moraines of the Nidderdale glacier 

 at the end of the Ice Age. He records four rolled implements from 

 these beds. 



(3) Implements from lateral moraines at Scar (980-1100 ft.), and at 

 Byer Beck (950-1050 ft.). They are mostly sharp, but a high percentage 

 are slightly rolled. They include lozenge-shaped points and ' beaks ' ; 

 a heart-shaped tool with a cutting-edge on one side, the other being in 

 its natural state ; a massive triangular implement (if lb.) ; and a steep- 

 sided scraper with boldly trimmed edge and flat base. 



(4) Implements from river-bed gravels between Goyden Pot Hole 

 and Manchester Hole. These are massive, much rolled, and with few 

 exceptions patinated a light chestnut colour. The smallest number of 

 blows has been used in making them. They include types that resemble 

 early Chellean hand-axes. They occur at the very bottom of the dale, 

 where they were deposited by the glaciers which swept them off an old 

 land surface. 



J. P. T. Burchell has recently described a tortoise-core industry of 

 flint points, scrapers, and gravers from Danes' Dyke, Flamborough. 

 They occurred on an old land surface below a weathered deposit, which, 

 on being cut back, proved to possess all the features of a boulder-clay, 

 containing chalk fragments and an abundance of Cheviot and Scottish 

 erratics. At Beacon Hill this deposit was more earthy though containing 

 the same kind of erratics. At its base, and resting on the surface of the 

 Upper Purple Boulder-clay, or, where that is absent, on gravels, sands, 

 and loams, he found a similar industry. He assigns both to the Upper 

 Mousterian culture (10). 



Burchell regards the Danes' Dyke clay as the result of direct glacial 

 action. On the other hand, the Geological Survey regard the Beacon 

 Hill bed as a land-wash, comparable to the Coombe deposits of the south 

 of England, and not a true boulder-clay. If Burchell's views are right, 

 then the industries ante-date the last glaciation of Yorkshire ; if the 

 Geological Survey are right, then they must be post-glacial. 



A deposit similar to that at Beacon Hill caps the well-known glacial 

 sections at Kelsey Hill and Burstwick, ten miles east of Hull. It contains 

 similar erratics, and in it Burchell found scattered flakes and cores, and, 

 at its base, signs of an occupation level. 



Below this bed is a rather stoneless clay which he calls the ' Hessle ' 

 boulder-clay of inland sections, and which, because of its colour, he equates 

 with the Upper Purple clay of Danes' Dyke and Flamborough. If this 

 correlation is correct, then the deposit cannot be the Hessle clay — a term 

 reserved for the foxy-red clay with Cheviot and Scottish erratics — for the 



