48 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF YORK AND DISTRICT 



also described those in the Hull, Whitby, Scarborough, and Doncaster 

 Museums (39). 



A Late Bronze Age spear-head and socketed axe were found in the lake- 

 dwellings at Ulrome and Barmston in Holderness. Though discovered 

 fifty years ago, these dwellings were not critically described until 191 1 (42). 

 At Ulrome there was evidence of a much older structure associated with 

 numerous perforated ox-bone adzes, implements which suggest Maglemose 

 affinities. Pottery from the later dwellings proved habitation in Iron Age 

 and Roman times. 



Recent excavations in the Pickering lake-dwellings, discovered in 

 1895, show that they were more or less contemporaneous with those of 

 Holderness (12). 



Early Iron Age. 

 The most important addition to our knowledge of this age is the Hall- 

 statt site on the Castle Hill, Scarborough, the first of its kind to be found 

 in the north of England. It consisted of more than thirty rubbish pits, 

 which were revealed during F. G. Simpson's excavations of a Roman 

 coast-guard fort, below which they lay. In the pits and on the surface 

 in which they were sunk were scattered numerous potsherds of Hallstatt 

 type, associated with Late Bronze Age implements and a fragment of an 

 iron pin. The overlap of the Late Bronze Age and Hallstatt cultures is 

 here very clearly displayed. The pottery indicates that the Castle Hill 

 settlers probably came directly across the North Sea from the Rhinelands 



(44-45)- 



Otherwise we have no evidence of a widespread Hallstatt culture in 

 Yorkshire. Bronze must therefore have remained in use until superseded 

 by iron in La Tene times. 



As is well known. East Yorkshire is unusually prolific in La Tene 

 chariot-burials, which were fully described by Greenwell and Garson 

 (21). Since 1906 one has been discovered at Hunmanby (40), and 

 another at Pexton, near Pickering (26). 



The associated skeletons were chiefly those of a moderately dolicho- 

 cephalic and mesatacephalic race from 5 ft. 2 in. to 5 ft. 10 in. high in 

 the men ; and from 4 ft. 11 in. to 5 ft. 7 in. in the women. Thus the 

 charioteers were quite different from the Early Bronze Age folk, and they 

 must have been new-comers to East Yorkshire. That they came from 

 Gaul is proved by the resemblance of their interments to the chariot- 

 burials of the Marne, the neighbourhood of Paris, etc. Historically they 

 were a branch of the Parish, who gave their name to Paris and, according 

 to Ptolemy, inhabited East Yorkshire c. a.d. 160 (i8). 



The chief centre of La Tene culture was the Wold area, especially 

 at Arras, between Market Weighton and Beverley, and at the Danes' 

 Graves near Driffield. Here large cemeteries of small round barrows 

 containing chariot-burials are indicative of permanent settlements. At 

 Atwick, twelve to sixteen miles south-east of the Danes' Graves, numerous 

 pit-dwellings were discovered by W. Morfitt, and described by Greenwell 

 and Gatty (22). At the time they were supposed to be Neolithic, but 

 pottery found in them is certainly Iron Age. Usually the pits were 



