so SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF YORK AND DISTRICT 



oval work at Wincobank near Sheffield (Roman potsherds at bottom of 

 the fosse) ; the Castle Hill, Almondbury, the original features of which, 

 an oval rampart and ditch, have been disturbed by a Norman motte and 

 bailey castle, and whence Brigantian coins have been recorded (31) ; 

 and the village on Ingleborough mountain, comprising numerous circular 

 hut- foundations which have yielded Roman potsherds,* and enclosed 

 by a massive drystone wall built on the precipitous edge of the level 

 summit. These and similar works in West Yorkshire were no doubt 

 constructed to oppose the Roman invaders. 



We have yet no evidence of pre-Roman La Tene camps. Whether 

 they will be found on the Wolds, the centre of the earliest La Tene 

 culture, future research must decide. For at the present juncture it is 

 not possible to form any definite conclusions about the plexus of earth- 

 works in that region. In the first place, since the Wolds have been 

 enclosed and cultivated, the earthworks have been greatly interfered 

 with. Mortimer envisaged them as well as it was possible, and his 

 account is full of detailed interest (27). In the second place, their 

 complexity is the outcome of a long period of occupation by varied peoples 

 from long-barrow times onward, and this in itself makes research work 

 still more difficult. It has been too readily assumed that they are all 

 prehistoric — many no doubt are, but the possibility of others being 

 Anglian or mediaeval should be borne in mind. A similar warning 

 holds good for the Scamridge Dykes and other earthworks in North-East 

 Yorkshire, concerning which nothing further can be related here, but 

 a sketch of them has been given by Wheeler (45), and they will be dealt 

 with in the forthcoming Archceology of Yorkshire in Methuen's County 

 Archaeology Series. 



Selected Bibliography. 



1. Abercromby, J. : Bronze Age Pottery of Great Britain and Ireland, 



2 vols., 191 2. 



2. Armitage, Ella S., and Montgomerie, D. H. : ' Ancient Earth- 



works,' Vict. County Hist. Yorks, ii, 1912. 



3. Armstrong, A. L. : ' Maglemose Remains of Holderness,' Proc. Preh. 



Soc. East Anglia, iv, 1923 ; Rep. B.A., 1922. 



4. Armstrong, A. L. : ' Flint and Stone Implements of the Sheffield 



District and their Distribution,' Proc. Sorby Scientific Soc, i, 1929. 



5. Atkinson, J. C. : Papers in Gentleman's Magazine, 1861-5. 



6. Bateman, T. : Ten Years' Diggings in Counties of York, etc., 1861. 



7. Buckley, F. : A Microlithic Industry of the Pennine Chain, etc., 1924. 



8. Buckley, F. : A Microlithic Industry, Marsden, 1921. 



9. Buckley, F. : ' Yorkshire Gravers,' Proc. Preh. Soc. East Anglia, iii. 



Part 4, 1922. 



10. BuRCHELL, J. P. T. : ' Upper and Lower Paleolithic Man in Yorkshire,' 



Proc. Preh. Soc. East Anglia, vi, 1930. 



11. Clark, E. Kitson : ' A Prehistoric Route in Yorkshire,' P.S.A., xxiii, 



1911. 



12. Clark, M. Kitson, and others : ' Iron Age Sites in the Vale of Picker- 



ing,' Y.A.y., XXX, 1930. 



13. Clinch, G. : ' Early Man,' Vict. County Hist. Yorks, i, 1907. 



* Information supplied by Dr. A. Raistrick. 



