382 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 



separated by a deposit of laminated clays overlie directly a series of deposits attributed 

 to the Forest Bed series. 



It is just possible that this identification is mistaken, and that instead of the 

 Forest Bed we are really dealing with a series of interglacial sands, clays and peats 

 below which the equivalent of the Norwich Brickearth may occur. It may be 

 mentioned in passing that a Chellean implement, apparently deriving from a peaty 

 bed, was found on the beach at Eccles. This is considered by Mr. Reid MoLr as 

 evidence for the presence of a Chellean horizon in the Forest Bed ; but as, in spite 

 of the large quantity of artifacts obtained from that horizon, no quite undoubted 

 Chellean coup-de-poing has yet been found, the writer regards the attribution of the 

 Chellean industry to that horizon as non-proven. 



Further, since the Forest Bed contains no Scandinavian pebbles and is, therefore, 

 earlier than any glaciation in this area, the assumption of a Chellean Culture in the 

 Forest Bed would imply the occurrence of two glaciations between the Chellean (sic) 

 of Cromer and the Acheulean of Hoxne, a result which seems improbable. Thus, in 

 the writer's view, the sequence of events was as follows : — 



(i) Deposition of Crag and Forest Bed series, the basement bed of which contains 

 a series of pre-Chellean industries and also some glacially striated pebbles, which 

 may well be derived from the Alpine area. 



(ii) Advent of North Sea ice, and consequent deposition of Norwich Brickearth. 



(iii) Retreat of ice, followed by a period of weathering, with probable deposition 

 of some peaty beds in the low-lying ground which marked the course of the old 

 estuary in which the Forest Bed was laid down ; occupation by Chellean man. 

 Followed by an incursion of the sea resulting in the deposition of the mid-glacial 

 sands and gravels. 



(iv) Return of ice, principally from the West, and consequent deposition of 

 Chalky-Kimmeridgic boulder clay of Suffolk. It is possible that the belt of ' Cannon- 

 shot ' gravel and somewhat dissected glacial topography just north of Norwich may 

 belong to this epoch. 



(v) Retreat of ice ; period of valley cutting and some terrace formation ; occupa- 

 tion by Acheulean man. 



(vi) Return of ice from the North ; this glaciation was not as intense as the 

 preceding one and produced only a small thickness of boulder clay at Hoxne and 

 Whitlingham ; the Cromer Ridge marks either a slight later re-advance or else a 

 lengthy halt during the retreat period of this ice-sheet. 



(vii) Retreat of ice, with possible reincursion in the low-lying area of the Wash, 

 where upper Palaeolithic implements are recorded from a boulder clay by Mr. 

 Reid Moir. 



A fairly coherent correlation may be made between this series and the Alpine 

 sequence starting from the known fact that the fauna of the Crag and Forest Bed are 

 generally correlated with that of the Giinz-Mindel interglacial. We have thus : — 



Stage (i) Giinz-Mindel interglacial — Pre-Chellean. 



,, (ii) Mindel glaciation 



,, (iii) Mindel- Riss interglacial — Chellean. 



,, (iv) Riss glaciation 



,, (v) Riss-Wiirm interglacial — Acheulean — (?) Early Mousterian. 



,, (vi) Wiirm glaciation 



,, (vii) Post-Wiirm warm period — Aurignacian, Solutrian. 



with (?) Biihl stadium. 



Mr. H. J. E. Peake sent the following note in answer to Prof. Boswell's : — 

 I have read with great interest the memorandum prepared by Prof. Boswell on the 

 correlation of the successions of glacial deposits in the Alps and North-west Europe. 

 As a geologist he is sceptical of the possibility of solving the problem by geological 

 means, and turns to archaeological evidence as supplying more reliable data for the 

 purpose. As an archaeologist I have similar doubts as to the efficacy of my own 

 subject, though I am inclined to believe that the possibilities of the geological 

 approach have been under-rated. 



I would submit that the true succession of types of the Lower and Middle 

 Palaeolithic phases, with which alone we are concerned, appears to-day to be by no 

 means as certain as it did ten years ago. Broadly speaking, we have evidence of 

 successive stages of two industries, a core industry and a flake industry. In the core 

 industry we term those stages Proto-Chelles, Early Chelles, Evolved Chelles and St. 



