392 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— I, J. 



{d) Mr. F. W. Wakefield. — 



(1) A New Method for studying Permeability Changes. 



(2) A Simple Device for the Detection of dangerous amounts of Carbon 

 Dioxide in the Air. 



Afternoon. 

 Visit to Long Aston Research Station. 



SECTION J.— PSYCHOLOGY. 



Thursday, September 4. 



The Psychology of Adolescence : — , 



Prof. Olive Wheeler.— Fana-fiOTis in the Emotional Development of 

 Normal Adolescents. 



The three chief emotional developments characteristic of adolescence are associated 

 with the three major adjustments involved in ' growing up.' They are : — 



I. Emotional Developments during Adolescence. 



(1) The increased feeling for self, tending to the development of psychological 

 independence and the finding of a vocation. 



(2) The appearance or intensification of sexual emotions, tending to the develop- 

 ment of a hetero-sesual attitude and the finding of a mate. 



(3) The development of social, aesthetic and religious emotions, tending towards 

 the formulating of a working philosophy of life. 



II. Variations occur among ' normal ' adolescents, 

 (a) in time and rate of emotional developments ; 

 (6) in general emotionality ; 



(c) in emphasis on the chief kinds of emotional developments (indicated in 

 I above) ; 



{d) through conflicts between these developments. Differences between the 

 sexes in these respects. . 



III. Environmental Influences afiecting variations. 



(a) the family circle ; 



(b) the school or educational institution attended (whether co-educational or 

 not, &c.) ; 



(c) modem industrial conditions (particularly modern diifieulties in finding 

 suitable employment) ; 



(d) the religious organisation (if any) with which the adolescent is associated. 



Dr. R. G. Gordon. — The Basis of Social Adjustment. 



The problems of adolescence are largely problems of adjustment to society, and 

 adjustment depends on the formation of a sentiment of the social self. A sentiment 

 is a high-level development only possible in the presence of a brain which functions 

 adequately. The social self, the object of the sentiment, is essentially the extraverted 

 ego as opposed to the introverted ego. All or any of the instincts, emotional dis- 

 positions and derived emotions may be organised in relation to the extraverted ego, 

 but there are three principal instincts involved. The herd instinct is not so definite 

 a factor in human behaviour as is sometimes supposed, as it has become very much 

 modified. The desire for physical contact may have been transferred to the mating 

 instinct and sexual play, and for the rest it seems to facilitata the ill-defined instinct 

 of suggestion, primitive sympathy and imitation. On this largely depends the 

 education of the individual, and it enables him to build up his relationship to other 

 selves. The sex instinct gives the necessary drive towards extraversion without 

 which the social self cannot be developed. We cannot consider the social self as a 

 simple addition of these three instincts, for they must be integrated together and 

 with other emotional dispositions as well as certain physical factors, and out of thi: 

 integration tliere emerges something new and unique. 



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