SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— M. 423 



approximation may be expected from an equation of the second degree. Fifteen 

 constants have been obtained from the data in an equation which can be used by 

 all analysts in order to measure the probability that a sample of milk has been watered. 

 Before a worker can use this equation, he must determine the percentages of the 

 following constituents in the sample, viz. casein, albumin, globulin, lactose, ash, 

 solids-not-fat and butter fat. 



Afternoon. 

 Sir Frederick Keeble, C.B.E., F.R.S. — Agricultural Problems in South 

 Africa. 



Saturday, September 6. 



Excursion to the farms of Mr. E. R. Debenham, at Briantspuddle, 

 Dorset, proceeding via Castle Gary, Sparkford, Sherborne and Dorchester, 

 and returning to Bristol via Blandford, Shaftesbury, Warminster and 

 Bates. 



Monday, September 8. 



Presidential Address by Dr. P. J. du Toit, on Veterinary Science and 



Agriculture. (See p. 229.) 

 Followed by Discussion. (Dr. N. H. Andrews, Major Walter Elliot, 



M.P., Sir Robert Greig, Dr. J. B. Orr.) 



Tuesday, September 9. 

 Discussion on Grass Land Improvement : — 



{a) Prof. R. G. Stapleton. — Indigenous Plants in relation to Pasture 



Improvement. 

 (o) The use of the terms ' indigenous ' and ' wild.' 

 (6) The characteristics of so-called ' indigenous ' grasses. 



(c) The dangers of present-day methods of harvesting and of the popularity of 

 'indigenous ' seed. 



(d) The difference between so-called ' indigenous ' and pedigree-bred strains. 



(e) Some results obtained from the use of ' indigenous ' and of pedigree-bred 

 strains. 



(/) What may be expected from the use of pedigree strains bred for permanent 

 pasture purposes. 



(b) Dr. J. B. Orr. — Balance between Nutritional Level of Grazing 



Animals and Pasture. 



Rate of growth and rate of production of the grazing animal is limited by the 

 amount and composition of the pasture. Any food constituent of the pasture may 

 act as a limiting factor. 



Under natural conditions herbivorous animals have been evolved with a rate of 

 growth and production suited to their grazings. 



When the modern improved breeds, which have been developed on rich pastures 

 supplemented by indoor feeding, are put on to low-grade natural pastures without 

 supplementary feeding, the rate of growth is usually greater than can be supported 

 by the natural pastures, with the result that the improved breeds must be graded 

 down to the level of the pasture by the elimination through sterihty or disease of the 

 rapidly growing and rapidly producing individuals. 



In improving the quality of cattle in pastoral areas it is necessary that the 

 grading up of the stock should be accompanied by the grading up of the pastures. 



