78 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
In no case observed did there occur more than one group of such 
ganglion cells upon the several roots of the same vagus nerve. No 
such ganglia were found upon IX. The size of these cells shows them 
to be of the cerebro-spinal rather than the sympathetic kind. This — 
fact is brought out by comparing them with cells of the geniculate 
ganglion, and also with those of the spinal ganglion, and contrasting 
_ these with the sympathetic cells found at the base of the palatine. 
Embryological studies by various investigators have demonstrated 
for both reptiles and mammals transitory root ganglia in this region. 
These are generally interpreted as the remnants of the lost dorsal 
roots between the first spinal ganglion and the vagus. Van Wijhe 
(’86) and Chiarugi (’89) considered these ganglia as contributing 
permanently to the accessorius part of the vagus. Fiirbringer (’97, 
p. 502) recognizes the existence of these ganglia in Sauropsida, but 
states that they later disappear entirely and have nothing to do with 
the vago-accessorius. In mammals such rudimentary ganglia have 
been noted in the embryo of the pig (Lewis, :03) and in man (Streeter, 
04). In the Amphibia IX, X, and sometimes VII, possess cutane- — 
ous components. In mammals these are reduced to a small bundle, 
which proceeds from the jugular ganglion as the ramus auricularis, 
and small clumps of cells may remain among the vagus roots even in 
the adult, an indication of the more extensive existence of this cuta- 
neous component. 
In Anolis no cutaneous fibers were discovered in any of the nerves 
between V and the third spinal; unless these rudimentary vagus 
ganglia be ascribed to the cutaneous components, all traces of these | 
components have been lost in these segments. In the whole group — 
of reptiles this absence of cutaneous rami appears to prevail, as no 
mention of such nerves is made by any author. If this is the ease, 
the reptiles stand alone in the extent to which this component has 
been lost. The birds, however, need investigation on this as well as 
on other points. Cords (:04) has described in birds a cutaneous _ 
sensory branch of VII going to the lining of the external auditory 
meatus, to which she gave the name “ramus auricularis,” the same — 
term that is applied to a nerve of similar component character im | 
mammals, but derived from X. If microscopic study should verily | 
Cords’s observation, we should have in birds the persistence in VII | 
of a component which is absent from this nerve in practically all | 
other forms above fishes; but the same component would in birds | 
be absent from a nerve (X) which possesses it in all vertebrates | 
except the Sauropsida. It is important in this connection to note _ 
