WILLARD: CRANIAL. NERVES OF ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS. SI 
A comparison with other reptiles would seem to warrant the broad- 
ening of this statement to a general one applicable to reptiles as a 
group. There are found in practically all forms of reptiles these two 
sympathetic rami named by Fischer (’52, p. 30) “ramus communicans 
internus rami palatini cum glossopharyngeo” and “ramus communi- 
cans externus nervi facialis cum glossopharyngeo.” ‘The first of these, 
which would have the position of Jacobson’s anastomosis, Fischer 
(p. 30) refers to as one of the finest nerves in saurian anatomy, which 
could be identified only with great difficulty; at the same time he 
adds that it belongs to “den bestandigsten Nerven,”’ and for this 
reason must be considered essential to the plan of the saurian nervous 
system. Fischer, however, showed one case, before referred to (p. 79), 
where this internal ramus makes no connection with IX, which sup- 
ports the view that it is principally a sympathetic ramus from the 
deeper part of the head to the common cervical trunk. 
Bender (:06, p. 388) gives to this connection both a sympathetic 
and viscero-sensory function in Chelonia, and states that the petrosal 
ganglion is closely bound up with a ganglion of. the sympathetic. 
In Anolis no sympathetic cells were recognized, nor did the petrosal 
: ganglion show any division. Cords (:04, p. 79) also specifically states 
| that, in the goose, this anastomosing branch from IX to VII is com- 
| posed of fibers from IX and from the sympathetic ganglion. 
| (2) Ramus pharyngo-laryngeus (phz-lar’.). This nerve is given off 
\ from the main trunk of XII, in which it is temporarily carried, at 
about the posterior end of the genioglossus muscle. Its course is 
cephalad and mesad between the genioglossus and the cerato-hyoideus 
| to the trachea posterior to the larynx. As it leaves XII its composi- 
| tion is almost identical with that of the combined IX and X pharyngeal 
_jrami before they join XII, although it issomewhat smaller. There are 
about 20 coarse fibers mingled with the fine ones. In its course 
_jacross the m. cerato-hyoideus it loses about half of the larger fibers, 
so that it is found to contain about eight:or ten of these fibers distal 
to its course across that muscle. The remaining coarse fibers supply 
ithe muscles of the larynx, the fine fibres being sensory. When 
_ |the nerve has reached a position just beneath the mucous membrane 
_ Plate 5, fig. 13), some very fine fibered branches are given off 
yom the main trunk (not shown in the figure). They are so twisted 
bout the blood vessels that their final distribution, whether to the 
pithelium or elsewhere, was not demonstrable. A small ganglion at 
he base of the fine fibered ramus indicates that a part of the fibers are 
i sympathetic character. 
| 
