WILLARD: CRANIAL NERVES OF ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS. 85 
By the same comparative method Fischer (’52, p. 49) established 
the innervation of the cerato-hyoideus from IX and the laryngeal 
muscles from X. For in two cases (Euprepes sebae and Lacerta ocel- 
lata) 1X was found to be free from X, and in these cases its distri- 
bution was to the cerato-hyoideus muscle and to the pharynx wall 
anterior to the larynx. Nerve X in these cases is a pure superior 
laryngeal and goes to muscles and mucous surfaces of the larynx 
(i. e. is of mixed nature, carrying both motor and sensory fibers). 
This gives ground for the view that a like condition exists in those 
forms where it cannot be actually demonstrated. 
Yan Bemmelen (’89) considers Fischer’s work open to criticism 
in this particular connection because he did not establish the homol- 
ogy of the rami by means of their relation to the aortic arches. Both 
Van Bemmelen and, more recently, Géppert (’99) contradict Fischer’s 
conclusions regarding the sensory nature of ramus recurrens X. Gdp- 
pert, in an article which deals comparatively with the larynx region 
in Amphibia and reptiles, concludes with this statement (p. 23): 
“Bei allen Reptilien haben wir also Berechtigung zu der Annahme, 
dass der Recurrens bis zum Kehlkopf gelangt, trotz des oft weiten, 
| von ihm zuriickzulegenden Weges. Dass er dann aber iiberall die 
| Kehlkopfmuskulatur versorgt, wird keinem Zweifel unterliegen 
kénnen, nachdem er sich fiir die Lactertilier direkt erweisen liess.”’ 
These differences of opinion cannot be attributed to the study of 
different reptiles, for G6ppert makes use of the same genus (Platydac- 
tylus) as that employed by Fischer. 
The present results in Anolis, then, do not clear away the uncer- 
tainties of the general question of larynx innervation; they tend, 
however, to suggest the probability that both the superior laryngeal 
and the recurrent branch may carry motor fibers, these showing 
different proportions in the rami of different forms. 
Q. SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE. 
A spinal accessory nerve was not discovered in Anolis. In all the 
leseribed reptiles a portion of the vago-glossopharyngeal components 
ire grouped as nerve XI, or spinal accessory. Peripherally there are 
natal two anatomical conditions which warrant this interpreta- 
jon: (a) the caudad extension of the vagus series of roots beyond the 
mits of the cranium, and (b) the distribution of a motor ramus from 
fy vagus (distal to the ganglion) to certain of the muscles of the 
houlder girdle. Both these features are absent in Anolis. 
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