WILLARD: CRANIAL NERVES OF ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS. 93 
posterior part of mylo-hyoideus. The mucous membrane covering 
the tongue and along the inner side of the lower jaw is innervated by 
somatic sensory and viscero-sensory components, these being mingled 
in the same rami, the former by way of the lingual branch of mandibu- 
lar V, the latter through the chorda tympani from VII. The somatic 
sensory elements appear to be especially well distributed to the long 
papillae in the glandular subterminal region of the tongue, while the 
viscero-sensory are associated with regions bearing taste buds and 
glands along the sides of the tongue and the jaw. 
U. SPINAL NERVES. 
Inasmuch as the anterior spinal nerves have undergone modifica- 
tion of their typical character due to the same process of cephaliza- 
tion which has affected the cranial nerves, an account of the first three 
is included in this paper. The third cervical is thé first one that 
possesses both somatic-motor, and somatic-sensory components typi- 
eal of a complete spinal nerve. 
1. The third spinal nerve, as might be inferred from the last 
sentence, is the most anterior spinal nerve to have both ventral and 
dorsal roots. The two roots and the spinal ganglion lie in nearly the 
same transverse plane (Plate 7, fig. 24). The dorsal root enters the 
spinal cord on its dorso-lateral side as one compact strand, coming, 
within the vertebral canal, from the spinal ganglion, which lies in the 
large intervertebral foramen at the level of the ventral side of the spinal 
cord. ‘This foramen is between the second and third cervical verte- 
| brae. It is impossible to analyze these roots further than to indicate 
| the position of their somatic components. The sections do not show 
visceral components in the distribution of peripheral branches, but 
| since.the muscles tend to obstruct the fixation and blackening of the 
| nerve fibers, it is possible that some have escaped observation. The 
| sensory bundles emerge from the ganglion as parts of dorsal and 
| ventral rami, the ventral ramus being about double the diameter of the 
| dorsal. The ventral root, composed of somatic-motor fibers, arises 
as a number of rootlets passing out from the ventral horn of the cord. 
This root, while on the median side of the ganglion, splits into dorsal 
and ventral divisions (Plates 2, 3, figs. 4,6). The ventral immediately 
joins the ventral sensory ramus, while the dorsal again divides, dorsal 
ke the ganglion, into a part which joins the dorsal sensory ramus and a 
