j 
BIGELOW: COAST WATER EXPLORATION OF 1913. 161 
show that depth for depth the temperature was lowest in the north- 
west corner of the broad bight formed by the coast line, off New 
York; warmest, as might be expected, along the edge of the con- 
tinental slope, next the Gulf Stream. Over Nantucket Shoals as a 
whole, there was probably very little difference between bottom and 
surface water, the surface, in July, often being as cold as 55°; and 
this rather cold water apparently showed its effect as far westerly as 
Station 10062 (Fig. 3), which was 1-3° colder at all depths down 
to 95 fathoms than the next station to the westward (Station 10063). 
Over the outer part of the continental shelf south of Long Island, 
the temperature was comparatively uniform, station for station, 
down to 30 fathoms (Fig. 4) cooling rapidly from the surface 
downward. But the curves for Stations 10061 and 10065 reveal a 
warm layer of water on the bottom. The water was very much colder 
close to the shore near New York than it was further off shore (p. 156), 
and the same was true along the New Jersey coast, for though by 
the time we came north, the surface had warmed to about 75°, a rise 
of about 7°, the bottom water in ten fathoms was still only about 
52.6°. Off Barnegat the temperatures increase regularly at all depths 
from the coast eastward (Fig. 5). The ten fathom temperatures for 
\these stations are successively 52°, 58.5°, 70°, 71°; while the fact that 
jat twenty fathoms there was a difference of 17° between Stations 70 
‘and 71 (50° and 67°) only fifteen miles apart, and that the latter, lying 
+ 47 48 49 SO" 51 82 53 54 55 56 57 $8 99 60" 61 62 69 GF 65 OH 67 ge ED 7O"N 72 73-4 1S 76 7 
| (SRDS i Sn a 
| ea a ee A et 
pet 
—-— —— 
Fic. 7.— Temperature sections close to the land, south of New York (Sta- 
tions 10068, 10079, 10080) and off Long Island (Stations 10083, 10084). 
ver the 500 fathom curve, is much warmer than any of the stations 
a the continental shelf, shows how sudden the temperature transi- 
on between coast and ocean water was. Our only station abreast 
the mouth of Delaware Bay (Station 10073, Fig. 5) was consider- 
oly warmer above twenty fathoms than the station next north of it 
(0072); and several degrees warmer, at all depths, except for the sur- 
{ce layer of five fathoms or so, than the water south of it (Station 
