BIGELOW: COAST WATER EXPLORATION OF 1913. 271 
portion of warm water animals, and loggerhead turtles, sharks, and 
pilot fish were seen on the surface. And the deep haul contained many 
oceanic species, e. g., Criseis, Corolla, Firoloides, Liriope, Aglaura, 
Rhopalonema, Agalma elegans, and the tropical hydromedusa Niobia, 
which, owing to its asexual budding, comes into the oceanic category 
so far as its dispersal is concerned. But there were also many neritic 
forms, e. g. fish eggs and fry, stomatopod larvae, gammarids, young 
crabs, and the ctenophore Pleurobrachia. Five miles nearer land the 
water was crowded with copepod larvae and the ctenophore Mnemi- 
opsis, though still with an occasional Agalma, Doliolum, and Liriope. 
The swarm of Mnemiopsis, which revealed its presence by its phos- 
phorescence (for we ran through it at night) as well as by an occasional 
use of the dip net, was some twenty miles broad. But as land was ap- 
proached it gave place to hosts of Salpae, which filled the surface waters 
at Station 10075. At this Station we noted an occasional Cyanea, and 
Aequorea, and many large specimens of Beroe forskali, besides schools 
of menhaden (Brevoortia) and porpoises (Tursiops). 
The final Gulf Stream Station (10076) lay abreast of Chesapeake 
| Bay. And though the plankton consisted chiefly of the same oceanic 
| forms which were encountered further north, the presence of stomato- 
| pod larvae, Aequorea, considerable numbers of small copepods, and eel 
| grass (Zostera) instead of Sargassum floating on the surface, showed 
as clearly as did the salinity (p. 200) that the influence of the fresh water 
from the Bay was felt over the whole breadth of the continental shelf. 
| And perhaps this also explains the fact that all the hauls at this 
| Station were scanty, and contained a large proportion of debris. 
As the mouth of the Bay (Station 10077) was approached the macro- 
| plankton grew even more scanty, though there was a decided increase 
| of microplankton (p. 334); and Beroe was once more found in consider- 
able numbers, together with the neritic hydromedusa Laodicea, while 
_}a new element of shore origin was added by swarms of larvae of the 
blue crab (Callinectes) on the surface. The few oceanic elements 
_}were now much in the minority; but even near the mouth of the Bay 
\(Station 10078), the nets yielded a few Liriepe and an occasional 
\siphonophore (Diphyes). 
_ The stations on the run northward to Cape Cod all lay close to land, 
hence .yielded chiefly neritic plankton. The swarm of Callinectes 
larvae extended for about thirty-five miles along the coast, being no 
doubt recruited from the various bays and inland sounds, as well as 
from the Chesapeake itself; but it had disappeared by the time Station 
10079 was reached, and it is interesting to note that its disappearance 
| 
