BIGELOW: COAST WATER EXPLORATION OF 1913. 293 
(Farran, 1910, p. 70). It was not found in the Gulf in 1912, nor has 
it been recorded before from American waters. 
The only other species limited to the waters north of Cape Cod was 
Calanus hypoboreus, which was taken at four stations in the Gulf, 
both on the surface (Station 10103) and in deep hauls. The only 
haul which yielded any considerable number was at 90-0 fathoms 
(Station 10100); where the quantitative net contained 270 C. hypo- 
boreus to 5400 C. finmarchicus; at Station 10092 the relative numbers 
were 80 to 88008. 
All the other copepods found regularly in the Gulf of Maine likewise 
occurred over the continental shelf south and west of Cape Cod. 
Centropages typicus was taken irregularly in the Gulf (eight stations) 
(Fig. 70), but never in large numbers. It did not appear at all in the 
hauls on George’s Bank or on Nantucket Shoals; but it was repre- 
sented at the shallow Stations south of Long Island (10062, 10063) ; 
and at most of the stations on the shelf further south and west. It 
was not taken at Stations 10064 or 10071; but was well represented 
in the deep haul at Station 10076: and it swarmed south of Nantucket 
\(Station 10062), off Long Island (Station 10066); and on the surface 
off Fire Island July 13. South of New York it was much less numer- 
ous, as was the case with copepods as a whole. And it never rivalled 
ithe Calanus swarm in abundance (p. 286), for which reason and because 
of its small size, it must be of comparatively little economic impor- 
ance in our waters in summer. Centropages was most abundant 
hear the surface, for example, the surface haul at Station 10088 yielded 
ten times as many specimens as the haul from eighty fathoms, though 
nade with a net of only } the mouth area. And the discrepancy was 
ven greater at Station 10083, where the surface haul yielded several 
jundred Centropages, the haul from twenty fathoms only one speci- 
en. The swarms at Stations 10062 and 10066 were on the surface, 
d between fifteen fathoms and the surface. The species was living 
t arather high temperature (about 54° to 76°), and rather low salin- 
if y (31.5%, surface, Station 10066 to 33.2%, surface, Station 10074), 
ith an optimum, as suggested by its greatest abundance, of about 
5°-69° and 31.5-33%o. 
| Temora longicornis was abundant only on Nantucket Shoals (Station 
060), 2. e., just where Centropages typicus was wanting, and was 
‘casional in the surface tows on George’s Bank, south of Long Island 
a 10066) and in the Gulf of Maine. But it was not taken at all 
¢tside the continental shelf or over the shelf south of New York. 
*was most numerous on the surface; for example, the surface haul 
