412 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
CORVIDAE. 
CoRVUS CORAX BEHRINGIANUS Dybowski. 
COMMANDER ISLAND RAVEN. 
After a careful study of Ravens from Copper Island and John How- 
land Bay, East Siberia, Iam unable to detect the slightest difference 
between the birds and refer both to behringianus. The characters 
of kamtschaticus also appear unsatisfactory. 
As Hartert suggests in Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, that 
Corvus corax sibiricus, ussurianus, kamtschaticus, and behringianus may 
be the same, for the characters are variable and very unsatisfactory. 
If such is the case, the name kamtschaticus of Dybowski should be 
used. This form is intermediate in characters but not in range, be- 
tween corax and tibetanus of Hodgson. 
Corvus corax principalis from Alaska differs from our series of 
behringianus in having a slightly more slender and less deep bill, but. 
the difference is slight; in fact it is often extremely difficult to separate 
American from European specimens. 
The ravens seen but not taken by Koren on the Arctic coast of 
Siberia 1914, may have been behringianus instead of sibiricus as sug- 
gested by Thayer and Bangs (Proc. N. E. Zool. Club, 1914, 85, p. 478). 
CoRVUS CORAX PRINCIPALIS Ridgway. 
NORTHERN RAVEN. 
The Northern Raven was seen sparingly during the spring of 1914, at 
Demarcation Point, their first arrival on the Arctic shore being April 
28. After this date two or three were noted during our daily excur- 
sions until May 21, when they disappeared, no doubt to breed back 
in the mountains. On the north coast of Alaska they are exceedingly 
wild, and we were unable to secure any. 
NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES JAPONICUS Hartert. 
Two specimens in worn plumage taken at Petropavlovsk, May 19, 
1913. They are typical japonicus, and others noted about the town 
did not appear any darker in coloration. 
Our observations lead me to infer that the dark form kamchatkensis 
