LAKE PASSAIC. 535 
THE SHORE FEATURES OF LAKE PASSAIC. 
The shore features of Lake Passaic are not conspicuously 
developed, and their obscurity is plainly not the result of 
subsequent erosion. It follows that they were never well devel- 
oped. Since the size of the lake was sufficient for waves of sev- 
eral miles fetch, the meager development of shore features can- 
not be ascribed to the smallness of the lake. Since the condi- 
tions for the development of shore features seem to have been 
favorable at many points, their local absence and their general 
indistinctness is not to be explained on the basis of unfavorable 
conditions. We are left to conclude, therefore, that the meager 
development of shore features about the border of the lake is 
Gherecon tis; Shionimess yor) lites: In spitemor them cenerale act 
expressed in the statements above, shore features are locally 
pronounced enough to be unmistakable. 
The distribution of the shore features seems to be somewhat 
fortuitous. They are absent from some localities where their 
présence was to have been expected, and they are sometimes 
well developed where there seems to be good reason for their 
exceptional distinctness. 
Shore features of the extra-morainic basin. A. Degradational 
torms.—Wave-cut terraces and lake cliffs are but poorly. devel- 
oped. In numerous localities, iul-defined terraces have been 
observed at about the level of the lake, some of which, as shown 
by their close connection with constructional forms, are proba- 
bly of lacustrine origin. The best marked of these are upon 
Long Hill. At its north end, half a mile south by west of the 
Chatham depot (see map), there is a distinctly marked cliff 
and terrace. The cliff rises by a steep slope from the terrace, 
at the upper edge of which there are a number of drift bowlders 
apparently washed out of the till in which the cliff is cut. At 
several points on the terrace the trap rock is exposed, indicating 
that the terrace was formed by erosion, not by deposition. The 
upper edge of the terrace has an altitude of 369 feet, and is 
sharply defined. This wave-cut terrace can be traced southward 
along the eastern side of Long Hill. Its surface there becomes 
