TANG (PAS SAW Ge 539 
(in or near the present cols ) as spits, bars, or beds of gravel and 
sand. Considerable beds of trap gravel occur in four of the cols. 
Water-worn trap pebbles in lesser quantity are found in all the 
others at accordant heights. Between the cols along the shores 
of the former islands, there are frequent traces of gravel iden- 
tical with that of the cols at corresponding heights. Such gravel 
is probably more widespread and greater in quantity than is now 
shown, since exposures are few. Such as exist are often most 
insignificant. Thus on the northern slope of Long Hill, one and 
three-fourths miles west of New Providence, a shallow, freshly- 
dug trench several hundred feet in length was seen (1893). Its 
course was across the shore line. On the surface there was no 
topographical evidence of wave action, nor were the water-worn 
pebbles abundant enough to attract attention. Above an eleva- 
tion of 361 feet, the material exposed in the trench was material 
which had arisen from the decay of the trap rock. Below 361 
feet the trap residuary was succeeded lakeward by coarse, wave- 
worn trap pebbles. The gravel was roughly stratified, and con- 
tained occasional foreign pebbles. Further down the slope the 
gravel was succeeded by sand, and that again by gravel. A thin 
layer of clayey loam, the result of post-lacustrine wash from the 
slopes above covered the whole. This exposure proved conclu- 
sively that some agent had been at work on the lower slope, 
re-working and re-arranging the local material up to a certain 
definite level, above which it did not reach. The element of 
height appeared to be the only controlling factor. Waves could 
produce the observed phenomena; running water could not. 
This significant exposure showed that the absence in some local- 
ities of topographic shore features, and of rounded surface 
gravel, does not militate against the lake hypothesis. 
In addition to the beds of gravel on Second mountain and 
Long Hill, similar deposits occur at the proper heights upon the 
hills near New Vernon and south of Morristown. 
A few of the constructional shore features deserve separate 
mention. (a) In the lower part of the cemetery of Chatham, 
there is a high, well marked, wave-built terrace of sand and 
