GLA CGTAE SRODIES IN GREENEAND. 573 
on the contrary, that the larger masses of rock equally with the 
smaller remained fixed. 
The material embraced in the ice was found to consist in 
large part of indurated quartzose sandstone of a light pinkish- 
gray color. This appeared to be the sandstone previously 
described as constituting the second member of the clastic series. 
It comes out to the surface on the eastern side of the peninsula, 
forming the very picturesque cliffs of Karnah, and may be con- 
veniently known as the Karnah sandstone. Besides this, there 
was some reddish sandstone and shaly débris belonging to the 
other members of the clastic series. There was also present a 
notable ingredient of crystalline rock, chiefly of the gneissic 
and granitic types. This constituted a decidedly subordinate 
percentage of the whole, but it was rendered conspicuous by its 
nature and is significant in that it indicates the existence of the 
gneissic series underneath the ice-cap somewhere between this 
glacier and the center of the peninsula, and it will be recalled 
that the peninsula is only about fifteen miles across. 
By reference to the illustrations it will be seen that the num- 
ber of layers of débris in the lower part of the Bryant glacier is 
very large. It is important to observe, however, that the amount 
of débris appears very much greater than it actually is because 
of the spreading of the silt over the face of the ice when it was 
freed by melting. Fig. 38 shows a portion whose layers were 
upturned at the foot of the glacier. The surface wash was cut 
away from a belt across the layers and a comparison of this with 
the rest will show the deceptiveness of the dirty surface. Ina 
similar way natural surfaces that have been washed by streamlets 
from the surface of the glacier show the true content of débris. 
The laminations that bear the débris are not usually contin- 
uous for very great distances. The first impression, perhaps, 
made on viewing the wall of discolored ice is that the more pro- 
nounced layers are continuous across its whole breadth, but upon 
closer inspection it will be seen that the layers thin out and dis- 
appear and others are introduced to take their places; even the 
broader bands are limited in their extent. None of them save, 
