TORONTO GLACIAL AND INTER-GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 623 
attract so much attention as they now do, since the rise of a body 
of able and ardent glacialists in America as well as the Old World. 
The inter-glacial beds of the Don have been described briefly 
by the present writer’; but beyond these two papers little has 
appeared as to the drift in this part of Ontario. It seemed so 
difficult to correlate the results obtained from these two localities 
only a few miles apart, that it was decided to connect the two by 
a careful study of the whole ground. This has now been carried 
out with tolerable completeness, and it is proposed here to givea 
short account of the results. In doing the work great assistance 
has been received from the authorities of the Grand Trunk and 
Canadian Pacific Railways, who provided profiles of all the lines 
near Toronto; from the city engineer, who provided maps; and 
from several specialists who have determined fossils obtained 
from inter-glacial beds; and I desire to express my heartiest 
thanks for their great kindness. 
It will be well to begin with an account of the Scarboro’ 
Heights which afford the thickest and most complete section in 
the region. For this my own observations, which in general 
accord well with those of Dr. Hinde, will be made use of chiefly. 
The drift deposits show themselves first, after a long stretch 
of gravel beach, about three and a half miles east of the Don, as 
alow cliff of stratified sand and sandy clay, below which blue 
till appears. The first outcrop is just west of Victoria Park, and 
the escarpment, which is only ten or fifteen feet high at the begin- 
ning, rises rapidly, after a break caused by the valley of astream, 
to one hundred and sixty or eighty feet. About threeand a half 
miles east of the Park the cliff suddenly rises to a height of 
more than 300 feet, but soon drops down to its old level, 
after which it sinks gradually toa height of twenty or thirty feet, 
six miles farther east, where it is interrupted by the valley of 
Highland Creek. 
At its best exposures the escarpment displays, beginning at 
the level of the lake, about ninety feet of stratified clay, followed 
*Inter-glacial fossils from the Don Valley, Am. Geol., Feb. 1894, p. 85, etc. In 
this paper references are given to the literature on the subject, which is very scanty. 
