TORONTO GLACIAL AND INTER-GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 625 
The peaty matter varies from a mere film to a thickness 
rarely greater than half an inch, and is made up sometimes 
chiefly of mosses, but more commonly of fragments of bark, 
wood and twigs, waterworn and mingled with flakes of mica. 
Quite seldom one may find a larger knot or broken branch, but 
never trunks of any size. From these insignificant peaty layers - 
Dr. Hinde obtained three species of diatoms, a chara, five mosses, 
Bryum, Fontinalis, Hypnum commutatum, H. revolvens (?) and 
another species of hypnum, spores of lycopodium, pieces of pine 
and cedar wood, portions of leaves of rush, etc., and seeds of 
various plants. Among animals he found two or three species 
of Cypris, a Planorbis and a Zonites (doubtful), as well as the 
elytra of beetles.t The insect remains were submitted to Dr. 
Scudder, who reports as follows :? 
Semone WS wraveriell ~ oes oe was a considerable number of 
the elytra and other parts of beetles, an assemblage, indeed larger 
than has ever before been found in such a deposit in any part of 
the world, and they are mostly in excellent condition. Twenty 
nine species have been obtained, some of them in considerable 
numbers. Five families and fifteen genera are represented; they 
are largely carabide, there being six or seven species each 
of Platynus and Pterostichus and species also of Patrobus, 
Bembidium, Loricera,and Elaphrus. The next family in impor- 
tance is the Staphylinide, of which there are five genera, Geodro- 
micus, Arpedium, Bledius, Oxyporus, and Lathrobium, each 
with a single species. The Hydrophilide are represented by 
Hydrochus and Helophorus with each one species; and the 
Chrysomelide by two species of Donacia. Finally a species of 
Scolytidea must have made certain borings under the bark of 
juniper. 
‘‘ Looking at them as a whole and noting the distribution of the 
species to which they seem to be most nearly related, they are 
plainly indigenous to the soil, but would perhaps be thought to 
have come from a somewhat more northern locality than that in 
™ Can. Jour. 1878, p. 399. 
? Fossil Insects of North America, Vol. II., Tertiary, p. 40. 
