626 THE JOURNAL. OF GEOLOGY. 
which they were found; not one of them can be referred to exist- 
ing species, but the nearest allies of not a few of them are to be 
sought in the Lake Superior and Hudson Bay region, while the 
larger part are inhabitants of Canada and the northern United 
States, or the general district in which the deposit occurs. In 
no single instance were any special affinities found with any 
characteristically southern forms, though several are most nearly 
allied to species found there as well asin the north. A few seem 
to be most nearly related to Pacific forms, such as the Elaphrus 
and one each of the species of Platynus and Pterostichus. On 
the whole, the fauna has a boreal aspect, though by no means so 
decidedly boreal as one would anticipate under the circum- 
StalGesan 
It will be seen that this remarkable assemblage of insects is 
of great importance in coming to a conclusion as to the climate 
of the time when these deposits were laid down; and Dr. Scudder’s 
wide experience in regard to the geographical range of North 
American insects gives special value to his views on the subject. 
By washing, drying, and examining with a lens peaty matter 
from Scarboro’ the present writer has succeeded in obtaining a 
large amount of additional material, consistiny of wing cases and 
other parts of the chitinous armor of insects, all of which has 
been submitted to Dr. Scudder, who has very kindly consented 
to determine them and thus add to the data available for judging 
of the climate. 
A considerable number of determinable parts of plants, such 
as leaves, seeds, mosses, etc., obtained in the same way, was sent 
to Dr. Macoun of Ottawa. The small collection of mosses was 
forwarded by him to Mrs. E. G. Britton of Columbia College, 
New York; and Iam much indebted to both of them for the 
trouble they have bestowed on the determinations. Dr. Macoun 
gives the following list of the species determined by him in the 
material sent: Larix americana (?), Abies balsamea, Salix, alder, 
Carex aquatilis and C. utriculata, Equisetum, Oxycoccus vulgaris 
and vaccinium uliginosum. Of the last two he is quite certain. 
Mrs. Britton determines the mosses as follows: Limnobium 
