LOTRONRO (Giz AGAVE VAIN TD VINTMIRAGE ACA EPO ST TS. (O27, 
palustre (?), L. montanum (?), Hypnum lycopodioides (7), H. 
aduncum, H. fluitans (2). Professor Penhallow of Montreal has 
determined two specimens of wood from Scarboro’ as probably 
Picea nigra. 
It will be noticed that the plants obtained by myself differ 
considerably from the list given by Dr. Hinde, perhaps because 
taken from different levels in the clay. Doubtless the number 
of species could be greatly added to by careful search. 
Looking at the plants as a whole Dr. Macoun is of opinion 
that the climate was like that of the northern part of the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence or southern Labrador, cool and wet. He states that 
all the species are represented in the herbarium of the Geological 
Survey at Ottawa by specimens from the regions mentioned; and 
thinks that the deposit was formed in a pool surrounded by trees, 
such as we find in our northern woods today. Dr. Macoun’s 
conclusions regarding the climate as determined from the plants 
correspond fairly well with those of Dr. Scudder; so that the 
question may be looked upon as settled. There are, however, no 
evidences of the action of ice. Dr. Hinde remarks the complete 
absence of pebbles or bowlders from these clay beds, a point 
which the present writer also has been struck with, suggesting 
no transport and dropping of materials by floating ice. One 
may infer from the uniform lamination and fineness of the clay 
that it was deposited in quiet water some distance from the 
shore. Leaves and bits of bark and mosses drifted in by the wind 
or brought down by a stream gradually waterlogged and sank 
along with the slowly settling flakes of mica and fragments of 
insects. It appears that forest fires raged in Ontario then as 
now, for fragments of charcoal or of chips charred on one edge 
are not infrequently found mixed with quite uncarbonized woody 
material. This, of course, does not necessarily imply the presence 
of man; for doubtless many fires have originated Dae natural 
causes, such as lightning. 
Resting conformably on the clay we find about fifty feet of 
fine, yellowish or grayish sand, sometimes having thin layers 
reddened with garnets or blackened with magnetite. Very 
