TORONTO GLACIAL AND INTER-GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 631 
hornblende and biotite, thoroughly characteristic of Laurentian 
rocks and not found in the adjacent Hudson River or Utica 
shales. The transport of these materials for a distance of not 
less than seventy miles is best accounted for by glacier ice. 
The extent of these deposits has not yet been worked out in 
detail, though the lower stratified clay was apparently wide- 
spread. Twenty feet of clay very like it, containing thin layers 
of peaty matter, may be seen on the shore of Lake Ontario four 
miles to the east of Highland Creek, here also covered by a bed 
of till. Exactly similar clay occurs about four miles to the north- 
west of Victoria Park in the brickyards of Messrs. Price and 
Logan. The exposures are excellent, one presenting a face of 
sixty feet; and the top of the clay, which rises about one 
hundred feet above Lake Ontario, is covered with a few feet of 
stratified sand. One finds the greenish plate-like concretions, 
and peaty matter containing mosses, pieces of bark and wood, 
elytra of beetles, flakes of mica, etc., just as at Scarboro’. The 
layer of till is wanting at these brickyards, but is found a few 
hundred yards farther north near the corner of Danforth avenue 
and Greenwood lane. 
If we include the Humber clay in the series, this lacustrine 
deposit has a length of twenty two miles, by a breadth of at least 
one and one half miles. Omitting the Humber beds, it has been 
traced for about sixteen miles. 
The upper, unfossiliferous clay from the Dutch Church seems 
also very widely distributed. It may be found as suggested by 
Dr. Hinde, in the north of Toronto (formerly Yorkville), where 
it is used to make gray brick. It seems to occur also at the 
Don Valley brickworks, and other points along the Don ravines. 
Similar stratified unfossiliferous clays making white or buff or 
gray brick occur at various points a few miles to the north and 
west of Toronto; and beds very like them underlying an upper 
till are well exposed on the lake shore between Newcastle and 
Newtonville, more than forty miles to the east. The upper 
untossiliferous clays appear then to be even more widely spread 
than the lower peaty clays, though one can hardly make sure 
