TORONTO GLACIAL AND INTER-GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 635 
interest. At the brickyard unios, retaining their dark epidermis 
and having the valves united, are often found embedded in a few 
inches of blue clay immediately overlying the till. The sands 
above this contain more or less waterworn unios, pleuroceras, 
spheriums, etc., while the overlying stratified clay beneath the 
middle till holds a little peaty matter, but nothing well enough 
preserved to be determinable. 
At the Convict Cutting, too, the unio bed is disclosed, but 
some stratified, sandy clay beds in the upper part of the section 
have proved much more interesting, that patient collector, Mr. 
Townsend, having obtained from them a large number of leaves, 
among which he thinks are leaves of the oak, beech and willow. 
It is very difficult to preserve these leaf fragments, since the clay 
dries up and the brown traces of the outline and veining shrivel 
up and become almost unrecognizable. 
Up to the present the unios have proved the most important 
finds along the Don. They include the Unio phaseolus, U. clavus, 
U. pustulosus, U. pustulosus, var. schoolcrafti, U. occidens (?), 
U. luteolus, U. undulatus, U. rectus, U. trigonus, and U. solidus. 
The other shells obtained are Spherium striatinum, Pleurocera 
subulare, P. elevatum, an undetermined species of the same genus 
and a single specimen which may be P. pallidum, Physa ancil- 
laria and Amnicola limosa. JI am indebted to Dr. Dall and his 
assistant, Mr. C. T. Simpson, for the determination of the above 
species, all of which occur at the brickyards and several of them 
at the other points. A few other fossils, including one or two 
species of ostracods, a number of elytra of beetles and one or two 
teeth, the latter found by Mr. Townsend, have been obtained at 
the Convict Cutting with the leaves, but have not yet been deter- 
mined. 
The plants include fragments of tree trunks, leaves, a very 
few mosses and chara. The specimens of wood have been 
determined by Professor Penhallow of McGill to be Fraxinus 
quadrangulata, Quercus obtusiloba, Ulmus americana, Maclura 
aurantiaca and Picea sitchensis (?). Some leaves sent from the 
Convict Cutting he considers to be of willows and poplars. Pro- 
