656 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
pebbles, especially the smaller ones, are for the most part 
thoroughly well rounded, though there are occasional conspicuous 
exceptions. For example, a silicified fossil, such as a fragment 
of an orthoceras, is now and then found, the form of which is 
almost perfectly preserved, showing that rounding was not in 
all cases carried to an extreme degree. Many of the larger 
pebbles or cobbles are less completely smoothed than the smaller 
ones, but even these are rarely angular. All, or essentially all, 
show distinct evidence of having been subjected to very con- 
siderable wear. On the whole, the constituents of the gravel 
are as thoroughly rounded and worn as the constituents of any 
gravel of similar materials which the writer has ever seen. 
Another characteristic of the gravel is the extreme smooth- 
ness of its pebbles. While the subangular forms are still 
retained in some cases, the surfaces even of the subangular 
pebbles are almost uniformly smooth. Not only this, but many 
of them, have a sort of gloss or polish which is very unusual, 
and which could only be acquired by pebbles of extreme 
hardness. 
Among the silicified fossils which enter into the gravel as 
constituent pebbles, there were found representatives of the fol- 
lowing groups: orthoceratites, gastropods, brachiopods, crinoids, 
bryozoa and corals. The following forms are recognizable :* 
Astrocerium venustum Fall, Favosites niagarensis Hall, Fenestella ct. 
termiceps Hall, Callopora cf. elegantula Hall, Retepora sp. indet., 
Zaphrentis cf. turbinata Hall, crinoid trochites, gen. indet., Ovtho- 
ceras junceum Yall. Of all the determinable species, five belong 
to the Niagara of Wisconsin, and one to the Trenton or Galena. 
The quartzite surface immediately beneath the bed of gravel 
was not seen by the writer, but by those who dug the well it is 
said to be much worn and polished. Its surface also is said to 
be marked by very notable pot-holes. This statement can 
readily be believed, since the surface of the quartzite at various 
points in the vicinity is seen to be so marked. At one point, 
at the very crest of the south face, a pot-hole was found about 
*The determinations were kindly made by Dr. E. C. Quereau. 
