CLASSIFICATION OF UPPER PALAZOZOIC ROCKS. 683 
for the United States Geological Survey, have acquainted the 
writer with interesting facts in reference to the description and 
classification of the Upper Paleeozoic rocks of Kansas. 
The early geologists of the state, Hawn, Swallow, Meek and 
Hayden engaged in a spirited controversy, not only in regard to 
the correlation of the geological formations of this part of the 
state, but also as to whom belonged the honor of first announcing 
the discovery of the Permian rocks in Kansas. Major Hawn 
stated that his first impression that the rocks in question might 
be of Permian age was obtained from a letter written by Mr. 
Meek, September 3, 1857.7 On January 19, 1858, at the request 
of Meek and Hayden, a record was made at the Smithsonian 
Institution in which is mentioned ‘forms indicating Permian both 
in Kansas and the region of the Black Hills.”* In determining 
the date of the first scientific publication of the discovery of Per- 
mian fossils in Kansas neither of these records should be consid- 
ered. The first public announcement before a scientific society 
of the identification of Permian fossils in Kansas was made by 
Professor G. C. Swallow in a letter read by Professor B. F. Shu- 
mard before the St. Louis Academy of Science, on February 22, 
TOBE 
t Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXVI., p. 188; zéz¢., Vol. XLIV., p. 38. Trans. 
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. II., p. 511. 
2 Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLIV., 1867, pp. 38, 39. See zézd., Vol. XXVI.,: 
1858, p. 188, and Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. II., p. 511. 
3 See Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. J., pp. 111, 112. The letter, which was dated 
February 18, contains the identification of several species collected by Major Hawn. 
Professor Swallow states: ‘‘I can have no doubt that the rocks are Permian, since 
the proof is very conclusive to my mind.... . All of the described fossils, with per- 
haps two exceptions, are identical with Permian species of Russia and England, 
while all of the new species appear to be more nearly allied to Permian forms than to 
any other.” At the same meeting a portion of a paper by Professor Swallow and 
Major Hawn was read, entitled ‘‘“ The Rocks of Kansas, with descriptions of new fos- 
sils from the Permian formation in Kansas territory.” The reading of this paper was 
concluded at the following meeting on March 8 (Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. I., 
pp- 112, 113; and pp. 173-197). An abstract of the paper was read at the Baltimore 
meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, May, 1858, and 
appeared in the Am. Journal of Science, November, 1858 (2d series, Vol. XXVL., 
pp- 182-188). Also published in Proc. Am. Assoc. Ady. Science, Vol. XII., 1859, pp. 
