CLASSIFICATION OF UPPER PAL4OZOIC ROCKS. 689 
until it reaches the top of the high bluff 200 feet above the river 
at Elmdale. Asa result of this folding the Wabaunsee forma- 
tion extends thirteen miles farther up the Cottonwood River to 
the vicinity of Clements. 
This series of limestones and shales is well exposed along the 
Neosho River below and above Emporia, and especially to the 
north, in the eastern and northern portions of Wabaunsee county. 
There are excellent outcrops in the bluffs along Allen, One Hun- 
dren and Forty-Two Mile, and Elm Creeks in the northern part 
of Lyon county; on Elk, Dragoon and Mission Creeks in 
southern and eastern Wabaunsee county, and _ particularly 
on Mill Creek in the northern part of the county; and on 
the bluffs of the Kansas River from Wabaunsee to the vicinity 
Om Oadenus in kileyacounty. 1 havewiconsidereda ithe base 
Oi Wms tormmaion as Cenmied ly thie too Or wae Osan 
coal horizon,” and the top by the base of the massive limestone 
known locally as the Cottonwood, Alma and Manhattan lime- 
stones. Mr. Charles R. Keyes has proposed the name Missouri 
formation for the upper Coal Measures of Iowa and Missouri,? 
but did not clearly indicate the upper limit of the formation. 
The deposits forming the upper coal measures of Kansas are 
principally of the same age as those in northwestern Missouri, 
and, if we consider the Osage and Silver Lake coal horizon as 
the upper limit of the Missouri formation in Kansas, then the 
Wabaunsee formation will directly succeed the Missouri forma- 
tion. The formation covers one-half of Wabaunsee county and, 
«This is near the line of division between the upper Carboniferous and Coal 
Measures of Professor Mudge. The Professor states that the dividing line between 
these formations “is not clearly defined or easily fixed..... Plants and coal are the 
best evidences, and even these are not strongly marked” (First Bien. Rept. [ Kans. ] 
State Board Agri., p. 71, and see p. 86 for place of the Osage coal). Professor Mudge, 
however, did not understand the northern and southern extent of this horizon, as was 
shown later by Professor St. John (Third Bien. Rept. [Kans.] State Board Agri., p. 
585) and Hay (Eight zdz¢., p. 132). Finally Professor Haworth has shown that on the 
Kansas River the Silver Lake Coal, 125 feet above the Topeka, is the equivalent of 
the Osage Coal (Kan. Univ. Quart., Vol. III, pp. 304, 305 and Plate XX). 
2Towa Geol. Sury., Vol. I, 1893, p. 114. /ézd., Vol. II, 1894, Plate III, and p. 137. 
Missouri Geol. Sury., Vol. IV, Pal. Mo., Pt. I, 1894, p. 82. 
