CLASSIFICATION OF UPPER PALZZ/OZOIC ROCKS. 693 
of 1859 it was proposed to divide the upper Paleozoic rocks into 
the Permian and Permo-Carboniferous.’ They did not indicate pre- 
cisely this line of separation, but it seems probable that their 
Permo-Carboniferous division included the upper part of the 
Wabaunsee formation.’ 
Newberry’s classification.—It is evident that Dr. Newberry in 
his early explorations regarded the rocks of this formation as 
belonging to the Carboniferous, for he stated in 1860 that ‘‘at 
Dragoon Creek | probably on the Santa Fé trail in the southeast- 
ern part of Wabaunsee county where the upper part of the course 
of Dragoon Creek is eroded in rocks belonging to the Wabaunsee 
formation, while the upper part of the bluffs belong to the over- 
lying formation | we reach the extreme summit of the Carbonif- 
erous formation, and first meet with those which may be regarded 
as distinctly Permian.” 3 
tAlso see the following statement of Meek and Hayden: “We are inclined to 
the opinion that the entire series, from near the top of the Lower Permian of Professor 
Swallow’s and Mr. Hawn’s section, down even lower than the horizon where they draw 
the line between the coal measures and the lower Permian, should be regarded as inter- 
mediate in age, and as filling the hiatus between the Permian and upper coal measures 
of the Old World. . . . ‘This intermediate series might be very appropriately termed 
the Permo-Carboniferous group, to indicate its relations both to the Permian and Car- 
boniferous rocks” (Am. Jour. Science 2d series, Vol. XXVII., January 1859, p. 35). 
2See PROSSER: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. VI., p. 51, and notice the line of 
separation indicated with a question on p. 53. The authority for this statement may 
be found in Hayden’s article in the Amer. Jour. Science, 2d series, Vol. XLIV., 1867, 
p- 37, where he states that “ Meek and Hayden regarded the beds . . . . down so far 
as to include most, if not nearly all, of Professor Swallow’s Lower Permian, as an 
intermediate connecting series between the Permian and Coal Measures, which, if 
worthy of a distinct name at all from the latter, should be called Permo-Carboniferous.” 
3 Rept. Explor. Exp. 1859, Macomb, p. 19. Itis not clear from the context whether 
by “ Permian,” Dr. Newberry meant the base of the Permo-Carboniferous, or the base 
of what he called “true Permian;” but the former seems to have been his interpreta- 
tion, for on p. 16, in enumerating localities containing numerous fossils, he mentions 
“Permo-Carboniferous at Dragoon Creek and Wilmington” [name of southeastern 
township of Wabaunsee county, with town of same name in the southeastern corner on 
Soldier Creek] and “true Permian on the hill-tops east of Council Grove [ which would 
be some twenty miles southwest of the Permo-Carboniferous localities], and on Cot- 
tonwood Creek.” Also in describing the region toward Council Grove is the statement 
that “over a considerable area in this vicinity the highlands are occupied by what may 
be considered true Permian strata, while the valleys of all the water-courses are exca- 
