694 THE JOURNAL OF GHOLOGY. 
At this time Dr. Newberry clearly recognized the difficulty 
of separating the Carboniferous and Permian systems by any 
sharp line, and he said, ‘‘From this interlocking of the Carbon- 
iferous and Permian faune, it is evident that the line of separa- 
tion between the two formations must continue to be debatable 
ground; and as there is, in fact, a group which contains a mingled 
fauna—in truth, a Permo-Carboniferous group—we must intro- 
duce this new member into the geological series, or fix upon 
some conventional line which shall form the boundary between 
the summit of the Carboniferous and the base of the Permian 
formations.’’? 
Comparison of the Wabaunsee formation with Swallow’s section.— 
Professor Swallow in his Preliminary Report on the Geology of 
Kansas divided the rocks of eastern Kansas into 256 beds which 
were referred to the Quarternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Triassic, 
Permian and Carboniferous systems. In his section the rocks 
which we have referred to the Wabaunsee formation were 
described from exposures occurring principally along the Kansas 
River, Mill Creek and adjacent country. As the limits of the 
Wabaunsee formation have been indicated, it includes the rocks 
from the top of Swallow’s bed, No. 154, up to the base of bed, 
No. 80. The greater part of the formation belongs to the upper 
part of the Carboniferous system of Swallow, which he called 
‘Formation a—Coal Measures,” including the larger portion of 
his ‘‘Stanton Limestone series’”’ and all of the following series in 
ascending order, ‘‘Chocolate Limestone” and ‘Upper Coal 
series.’ In addition to the above rocks the Wabaunsee forma- 
tion includes the four beds forming the base of Swallow’s ‘‘ Lower 
vated to and into the Permo-Carboniferous, or, as I have called them, Upper Carbon- 
iferous strata” (p. 20). Again he says, “the Permian magnesian limestones occupy the 
general surface, but are cut through by the valleys of the draining streams. Below 
them are exposed strata containing Orthisina umbraculum, Productus Calhounianus ; 
spines of a species of Archeocidaris, regarded by Professor Swallow as identical with 
A. Verneuiliana, King; a small Athyris, and a Rhynchonella; all of which belong 
rather to the Carboniferous than to the Permian fauna” (p. 21). 
t [bid., p. 20. 
?Prel. Report, Geol. Survey, Kansas, 1866, section of the rocks in eastern Kansas, 
pp: 9-29. 
eh ee 
