730 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
on the Roggenstock and the Kleine Mythe are not only nearly 
horizontal but actually in zxverted order with younger strata below 
and older above. This complete inversion seems impossible to 
explain on the theory of an upthrust yet it is a common phe- 
nomenon accompanying powerful lateral thrust. 
Without entering here into further details I may mention one 
or two facts of more general significance bearing on the relations 
of the cliffs to the surrounding strata. One very singular fea- 
ture is the fact that the Swiss cliffs and the exotic blocks as far 
as I know them, invariably occur in the Tertiary Flysch shales. 
In spite of the extensive erosion which has attacked the whole 
region in which the cliff phenomena occur “he cliffs are found 
nowhere where the Flysch has disappeared. If they came up from 
beneath, through the Cretaceous and Tertiary, we should surely 
expect to find hard and resistant limestones and dolomites of 
the cliffs at some poynts remaining after the softer Flysch shales 
had been eroded away, or at least some point where the cliff 
had not been thrust entirely through the Flysch and exposed 
between the jaws of a Cretaceous anticline on its way through. 
We find it difficult to see on the upward thrust hypothesis why 
the whole exotic phenomena should be dependent upon the pres- 
ence of the Flysch. At Iberg we have a striking example of 
this dependence. It will be seen on a good general map that 
owing to a local sinking of the Swiss chains at this place, Flysch 
shales extend farther southward than they do to the east or west 
of here, continuing up over the top of the Roggenstock-Fallen- 
fluh anticline, though usually confined to the troughs, and here 
also peculiarly enough the cliffs occur, z. e.,on the top of this 
anticline though more commonly the exotic phenomena appear 
in the Flysch-filled synclines only. If the Iberg cliffs could 
have come from beneath and be therefore associated in origin 
with the Swiss chains, it is difficult to understand why in the 
the strike of the anticline to the east and west of their present 
position they should disappear as soon as the Flysch disappears. 
This relationship between the cliffs and the Flysch becomes 
intelligible, however, as soon as we conceive of the exotic masses 
as thrust from the side and ¢hrust over Flysch upon which and in 
