794 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
with the fossiliferous shales above, which is an excellent forma- 
tion to be traced in the field, and so would furnish a well-marked 
line for separating the two systems in areal geology. 
In 1890, Professor W. F. Cummins divided the Texan Per- 
mian* into three formations or beds, as he called them, and 
named them in ascending order the Wichita, Clear Fork, and 
Double Mountain beds.?, In the succeeding report the upper 
formations of the Coal Measures were named the Albany, Cisco, 
and Canyon, the Albany being the higher and just below 
the Permian according to Professor Cummins’ classification. The 
report also contains plates showing the classification of the Car- 
boniferous and Permian,+ and lists of fossils from the Coal 
Measures.5 The Permian is more fully described than in the 
preceding reports and is accompanied by sections and references 
to the paleontology ® as elaborated by Dr. White.? The fossil 
plants collected in the upper part of the Wichita formation were 
identified by Professor I. C. White and Fontaine as essentially the 
same as the flora described by them from the beds above the 
Waynesburg Coal in West Virginia which they had referred to the 
Permian. In 1893 Professor Cummins again discussed the Per- 
mian formations of Texas, reviewed the history of the discovery 
of Permian rocks in this country, and the question of their cor- 
relation with the Permian of Europe and Asia.9 In this report 
Fusulinas, which is near the close of their range in Kansas, may be considered as near 
the line of division between these two systems. See Dr. E. Kayser’s Text Book of 
Comparative Geology, English ed., 1893, pp. 127, 144, 162. On p. 147 Kayser says 
“west of the Mississippi . . . . the Upper Carboniferous is represented by limestones 
rich in Fusudzwza with an abundant marine fauna.” 
* For an earlier summary of the papers describing the Permian of Texas, see Pro- 
fessor R. T. Hill; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 45, 1887, pp. 62-69. 
?Geol. Surv. Texas, First An. Rept., pp. 186-189; and LXIX., LXX. 
3Second An. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1891, pp. 372-375. 
4 [bid., pp. 361, 373. 
5 Jbid., Particularly pp. 393, 394. 
° [bid., pp. 394-424. 
7 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 77. 
8 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. III., 1892, pp. 217, 218. 
9 Geol. Surv. Texas, Fourth An. Report., pp. 212-232. 
