894 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
more or less earthy débris, stood out distinctly between the lay- 
ers of cleaner ice on either hand. This was seen only in bergs 
which had been tilted, so that the originally horizontal layers had 
become highly inclined. The débris-laden layers were apparently 
layers which were near the bottom of the parent glacier and 
near the bottom of the berg at the beginning of its history. 
A considerable procession of bergs was seen coming out of 
the fjord north of Prince Island, some of them being very 
massive. In this region an occasional berg was seen so com- : 
pletely covered with débris as to be essentially black. Such 
bergs were all very low, none of them being more than ten or 
fifteen feet in height. As subsequent observations indicated, they 
must have come from glaciers, the ends of which, as they reached 
the sea, were very thin; that is, glaciers, the upper surfaces 
of which were very near the lower. They therefore do not violate 
the general rule that the débris of the glaciers is not far above 
their bases. Glaciers with thin ends and edges, and such only, 
have abundant débris, apart from occasional medial moraines, on 
their upper surfaces. 
In the Waigat, and for a considerable distance north of it, the 
bergs were, on the whole, considerably flatter than those further 
south, rarely standing more than fifty feet out of water. From 
thirty to fifty were generally in sight until the entrance to Uma- 
nak fjord was approached. Here a noble fleet of them, more 
than 100 by actual count, was seen sailing out from the narrow 
bay. Some of them were so large areally that the water pro- 
duced by the melting of their surfaces gathered into streams of 
considerable proportions. From the upper edge of a single berg 
in this locality, three such streams were seen to be falling, each 
of which carried a very considerable body of water. The bergs 
were remarkably regular, such serration as characterized the 
bergs coming from the Jakobshavn glacier being wholly want- 
ing. Most of them had never been overturned or even tilted; 
yet they were measurably clean, nothing more than a little dust 
being in any case visible upon their surfaces. Considerable pro- 
cessions of bergs seemed to be coming out of the waters north 
