982 THE JOURNAL OF (GEOLOGY. 
from ten to twenty-five feet wide. The floor is covered with striations. 
and grooves, all finely preserved. Four different sets can be easily 
determined. The grooves are straight and parallel; those from the 
latest series being fully an inch deep, while those from the earlier one 
are nearly obliterated. The trends given in the order of apparent age 
are as) follows 1. S. 30° 95’ EP 2h Sm o4eeh) 25 Ss GomeoumlE 
4. S. 72° 15’ E. Corrected for magnetic deviation. Aside from the 
direction of the strize, all evidence points to a southeasterly flow of 
the ice sheet. 
The second Kingston exposure lies on the brow of the bluff, facing 
the Mississippi flood plain, and extends for some distance down the 
face, descending at an angle of about 30°. There is but one set of 
markings, the trend being approximately 72° east of South. The bluff 
faces nearly due east. 
In the Loftus quarry, four miles west of the city of Burlington, a 
large area was uncovered, showing both surface and lateral erosion. 
There was but one series of strie, the direction being S. 75° E. The 
lateral erosion very strongly indicated the direction of ice flow to have 
been toward the Southeast. 
Two other patches of scorings, about four miles northwest of Bur- 
lington, and located not more than forty rods apart, showed widely 
different trends. One was S. 33° E.; the other S. 73° E. Both sur- 
faces were too badly weathered to furnish good corroborative evidence 
of direction of ice flow. 
All the scorings above given are on the hard, compact limestone of 
the Upper Burlington formation, and are situated on or but a few 
miles back from the brow of the bluff that borders the old flood plain 
of the Mississippi. 
Glacial markings previously reported from the vicinity of Burling- 
ton are as follows: By White, S. 15° E.; by Keyes, S. 63° E.; by 
Wevierctuinns Os ahr 
The Erosive Action of Ice. By G. E. CuLveR. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci., 
Vol. X., 1895. 
This paper reviews briefly much of the literature relating to ice 
action, from the time of Ramsay to the present, and records some per- 
sonal field observations bearing on the subject. 
The author concludes that the erosive power of ice has been exag- 
