990 LHE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
duction of the Southern Appalachians to the end of 1894 was over 
$45,000,000, which has come chiefly from the Carolinas and Georgia. _ 
The deposits are distributed along belts which are parallel to the gen- 
eral trend of the Appalachians. The primary deposits are real veins 
or secondary impregnations, not beds as has sometimes been main- 
tained, and the ores are similar to those in most gold-bearing regions. 
They are quartzose masses with very subordinate admixtures of carbon- 
ates in which pyrite is always present while chalcopyrite is common 
and galena, mispickel and zincblende are not rare. The veins com- 
monly follow the schistosity of the pre-Cambrian schists and include 
fragments of the wall rock. The impregnations occur chiefly in Algon- 
kian fragmental volcanics similar to those of the South Mountain of 
Pennsylvania. The deposition of ore is associated with intrusions 
believed to belong to the same Algonkian epoch, but it is more recent 
than the mountain building era during which the schistose structure 
was developed. The veins were opened by normal faulting and no 
indications of the replacement of wall rock by quartz were detected- 
The term ‘stringer lead” is proposed for a group of small auriferous 
veinlets such as usually constitutes the basis of economical operations 
in the South and is very common in California and Australia. The 
impregnations, that of the Haile mine for example, are similar to the 
Norwegian Fahlbands. The ores of the Maritime Provinces appear 
to be of the same age as those of the South and to resemble them 
closely. ‘The placers of the southern Appalachians are in part stream 
gravels and in part consist of quartz-bearing rock, which is in place but 
entirely decomposed. The term “saprolite” is used to denote such 
untransported but thoroughly rotten rock. In the South the saprolite 
forms a blanket which is generally from 30 to 100 feet in thickness. 
About half of the report deals with the deposits systematically and the 
remainder consists of descriptive notes on the different areas. 
