86 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 
especially those having subangular forms and beveled faces, are 
found to be superficially marked with a series of parallel lines, or 
with multiple series of parallel lines, each series being discordant 
with each other. These surface markings appear to be identical 
with those on the stones of our drift. Asin our drift, striated 
stones are less common in the stratified deposits associated with 
glaciers, than in the unstratified. 
Upon careful examination, the fine earth (clay) in which the 
bowlders are imbedded, is found to consist of nothing more or 
less than fresh particles of rock, such as might be produced by 
crushing or grinding the stony matter of the same deposit into 
fine particles, In this respect also, deposits known to be of glacier 
origin find close correspondence with the drift. In the glacier 
deposits, too, the fine material which often serves as a matrix for 
the imbedded bowlders may sometimes be seen to be foliated, 
after the fashion of the corresponding material of the drift. 
The topography of the deposits made by the glaciers is simi- 
lar in kind to that which characterizes much of the drift as we 
know it, but is developed ona less extensive scale. Except in 
the axes of the glacial valleys the deposits are seen to stop ona 
descending slope where the ice stops, or where the ice has stopped 
at some earlier time, leaving the higher part of the valley drift- 
covered, and the lower part drift-free. Along the axes of the 
valleys, the deposits of gravel, sand, and silt have a nearly plane 
surface, and extend beyond (below) the unstratified drift. 
The glacier deposits stand in the same relation to the under- 
lying rock that our drift does. Where surfaces of bare rock are 
exposed to observation they may be seen to be polished and stri- 
ated, the strie being parallel with each other, and with the course 
of the valley down which the ice has moved. Upon the most 
careful examination, these striations on the rock recently occupied 
by alpine glaciers are found to be indistinguishable from those 
on the rock beneath the drift in the drift-covered areas of North 
America and Europe. If the rock of the valley bottom be laid 
bare by removing the drift, its surface is seen to be firm and fresh. 
Any decomposed material which may once have covered it has 
