PUBLICATIONS. 227) 
Pithecanthropus erectus eine menschenahnliche Ubergangsform aus 
Java von Eug. Dubois, Militararzt der niederlandisch-indi- 
schen Armee mit zwei Tafeln und drei in den Text gedruck- 
ten Figuren. Batavia Landesdruckerei, 1894, 39 p. 4to. 
Between 1889 and 1893, by the order of the Governor-General of 
Dutch India, palzontological researches were made by Dr. Eugen 
Dubois, in Sumatra and Java. The result was a good collection of 
Pleiocene and Pleistocene vertebrates. [he most important find con- 
sisted of portions of an anthropoid form, which is considered the 
missing link between the Simiide and Hominidz. The remains con- 
sisted of the upper portion of a skull (similar in preservation to the 
well-known Neanderthal skull) a third upper molar, and the left 
femur, which were found near Trient, on the Isle of Java. The his- 
tory of the find is this: Inthe left bank of the river Bengawan, about 
t m. below the watermark of the dry season, 12-15 m. below the 
eroded level, the molar was found in September, 1891. One month 
afterwards, in the same level, at a distance of 1 m., the cranium was 
found, and in August, 1892, 15 m. further up the river, and again, in 
the same horizon, the femur was brought to light. Dr. Dubois con- 
siders these remains as the parts of one individual. 
The name Pithecanthropus erectus is given to the fossil. This name 
had already been used by Professor Haeckel in 1868 in his “ Nattirliche 
Schépfungsgeschichte” for a hypothetical anthropoid, who walked 
upright, was mentally more developed than the anthropoid apes, but 
without language. 
Pithecanthropus is placed by Dubois in a special family, Pithecan- 
thropide, between the Simiidze and Hominidz with the following 
character : 
“Brain cavity, absolutely and relatively, much larger than in the 
Simiidz, but smaller than in the Hominide. Capacity of cranium 
about two-thirds of the average capacity of man. Inclination of cer- 
vical portion of occipital bone much stronger than in the Simiidz ; den- 
tition in reduction, but of the pattern of the Simiide. Femur similar 
” 
to that of man in its dimensions, and constructed for erect walking. 
Dr. Dubois gives a table of the different values of the cranial 
capacity in the Simiidz and man, and reaches the conclusion that the 
capacity of Pithecanthropus is over 1000 cubic centimeters, or over two- 
thirds of a human cranium of more than average size. 
