256 : WE0E [OUUANAIL OU? (GIRL OE 
the minor mer de glace, which after retreating had again advanced, 
before they finally vanished. Nevertheless it was obvious that 
this later advance could not have been a slight temporary move- 
ment, but must have endured for a considerable time, so as to 
allow of much glacial erosion and the heaping-up of immense 
quantities of morainic rubbish, and the deposition of great 
terraces of fluvio-glacial gravels. These conditions I found 
characterized all the mountain areas of the British Isles. It is 
to this epoch, in fact, that the final grinding-out of our more 
conspicuous lake-basins must be assigned. The relation borne 
by the district and valley-moraines to the Arctic shell-beds was 
also significant. These latter overlie our upper bowlder-clay and 
are of later age than the Kames and Eskers of our lowlands. 
They show in short that, after the melting of the minor ice-sheet, 
submergence of the coast-lands ensued, to the extent of at least 
100 feet below their present level. They further show that this 
submergence was contemporaneous with the existence of the 
district ice-sheets and valley-glaciers—for the morainic gravels 
of the latter merge with the deposits of the 100-foot terrace ; 
and here and there moraines are associated with the latter. Not 
only so, but it is obvious that many of the large glaciers descend- 
ing to the sea along the west coast of the Scottish Highlands, 
filled the fiords and prevented the formation there of marine 
deposits. Thus the 100-foot terrace is well developed upon the 
open sea coast, but suddenly dies off when the. fiords are entered. 
In the basin of Loch Lomond, again, the glacier ploughed out 
certain shelly clays so that its groundmoraine is charged with 
the débris of marine organisms. It is noteworthy in this case 
that the fauna of the shell-beds thus largely demolished does not 
indicate Arctic conditions—the species are for the most part 
living British forms, while the fauna of the undisturbed shelly 
clays of the 100-foot beach is decidedly northern and Arctic. 
From the evidences thus baldly stated the following conclu- 
sions seemed probable: 
1. The retreat of the minor ice-sheet was followed by sub- 
mergence to 100 or 150 feet, and the sea eventually became ten- 
