258 DHE, JOURNAL VOR, GEOLOGY: 
the same horizon as the bowlder-clay of the Saxonian stage. On 
comparing the bowlder-clays of the Baltic lands with those that 
lie outside of the great terminal moraines it seems to me that 
this correlation cannot be sustained. The lower bowlder-clay of 
Holland, for example, has been laid down by a mer de glace 
which flowed in a general southerly direction. But this does 
not hold true of the so-called lower bowlder-clay of Denmark 
and Schleswig-Holstein. On the contrary, the two bowlder- 
clays which occur together in the Baltic coast-lands of that 
region have both been laid down by ice streaming from east to 
west out of the Baltic basin. The lower of these bowlder-clays 
extends across the Cimbric peninsula to the North Sea, while 
the upper is margined by the great terminal moraines. 
The former cannot be correlated with the lower bowlder-clay 
of Holland, etc., but must occupy the horizon of the Polandian. 
And this conclusion is further sustained by the fact that the so- 
called lower bowlder-clay of central Holstein is underlaid by an 
older groundmoraine, from which it is separated by abundant 
fossiliferous deposits belonging to the Helvetian stage. In 
short, the lower bowlder-clay of the Baltic coast-lands is on the 
horizon of the Polandian stage, while the upper bowlder-clay of 
the same regions is the groundmoraine of the great Baltic gla- 
cier, whose utmost limits are marked by the terminal moraines 
of the Baltic Ridge. 
So far, then, the evidence derived from the Continent points 
in the same direction as that supplied by the equivalent deposits 
in Britain. But it carries us further, for in the Baltic coast- 
lines the youngest bowlder-clay (Mecklenburgian) is separated 
from the underlying bowlder-clay (Polandian) by an abundant 
series of fresh-water and marine deposits—some of which indi- 
cate cold conditions, while others imply a climate not less tem- 
perate than the present. Here, then, is the link in the chain of 
evidence which we miss in Scotland. If a more or less pro- 
longed temperate interval (Neudeckian) separated the Polandian 
and Mecklenburgian epochs on the Continent, the same must 
have been the case in Britain. 
