276 LE JOURNAL OF \GEROLOG Y- 
Wisconsin formation arises, and may be mentioned for what it 
is worth, which is probably very little. The chief characteristics 
of the European morainic series are strikingly similar to those of 
the American, as long since pointed out by Salisbury.t In 
addition, therefore, to the similarity of position in the European 
series which the Mecklenburgian series bears to that of the 
Wisconsin formation in the American series, there is a striking 
correspondence in the individual characteristics of the two. 
Beyond any question these individual characteristics were due to 
some common condition or combination of agencies. If the 
fundamental cause of glaciation was such as to involve intercon- 
tinental contemporaneity of action, the correlation of the two 
has much in its support. 
Later deposits.— Investigation in America has gone far enough 
to make it certain that subsequent to the deposit of the Wis- 
consin formation, there was a somewhat complex series of 
events before the Ice Age entirely passed away. It has not, 
however, gone far enough to make it clear precisely what the 
stages were, and it is perhaps premature to attempt to designate 
the specific formations which resulted. A series of beach lines 
along the lower lakes has been specifically connected with 
moraines by Leverett and others, indicating a coincidence of lake 
action and ice action. On the north side of the lakes it is known 
that there are several very considerable terminal moraines 
indicating at least halts, and possibly advances, of the ice 
subsequent to its retreat from the territory of the United States. 
It is every way probable that some of these will deserve a special 
taxonomic place when sufficiently traced out. If the fossiliferous 
beds of Toronto are later than the Wisconsin formation, they and 
the overlying till certainly merit special recognition. There is 
therefore abundant room for the belief that stages of action 
equivalent to the Turbarian and Forestian of Dr. Geikie may be — 
found. 
In carrying out this parallel, it has not been the design of the 
™R. D. SALISBURY: Terminal Moraines in Northern Germany. Am. Jour. Sci, 
3d series, Vol. 35, 1888, pp. 401-407. 
