PUBLICATIONS. 345 
blende, together with sulphide of iron and galena; the upper part 
consists almost exclusively of the so-called red calamine, that is, a 
ferruginous, zinciferous dolomite, with some galena. The dolomite, 
which occurs both below and above as well as zz the lower blende- 
bearing beds, has almost always the original bluish gray color, whereas 
in proximity to the upper portion it is more or less decomposed. 
“Towards the outcrop the deposits of the two principal horizons 
unite and form a body that in places is as much as twenty meters thick.. 
Here it consists principally of the red calamine with galena. ‘The ore 
often extends also down into the Sohlenstein, along crevices and pipes, 
in which case it is more clayey. In the extremities of these openings 
the iron contents also disappear, so that the ore passes into a white 
calamine (a dolomite rich in ZnCo,).” 
The three publications referred to include maps and descriptions 
of the ore deposits, and discussions of their genesis. Hé6fer considers 
principally the last, analyzing and comparing the different hypotheses 
in a very interesting manner. 
Thus, Bernhardi maintains the hypothesis that, after the deposition 
of the basal Sohlenstein formations, rich solutions of zinc, lead and 
iron salts were introduced into the Triassic sea, from which they were 
precipitated either by CO, or H,S, which were evolved in abundance 
trom the then recently formed and underlying coal beds. The ore 
deposition was most abundant where these gases were generated in 
greatest quantities. 
Bernhardi bases his conclusions upon the fact that the zinc deposits 
are developed in the Muschelkalk only where there are well-developed 
coal formations beneath, and especially where such outcropped in the 
floor of the Triassic sea. Héfer calls attention to the deposits of 
Tarnowitz as an exception, and remarks, very truly, that this condition 
is equally favorable to the hypothesis of infiltration as to that of original 
deposition. 
In further support, Bernhardi cites the facts that there are no evi- 
dences in the underlying Coal Measures or in the Sohlenstein that the 
ores have come from below, and, further, that faults of the Coal Meas- 
ues either do not extend into the Muschelkalk or have very little throw 
there. These facts Héfer classes also as equally favoring infiltration. 
Against the latter hypothesis Bernhardi instances the stratum like 
form of the ore deposit, and the unaltered or unoxidized condition of 
the dolomite which is associated with the sulphides. Hé6fer does not 
