TU SILIMC/A IEOMS, 301 
evidence on which the conclusion as to its nature and age are based, 
may be judged to some extent by the fact that fifty pages are devoted 
to a detailed record of observations. 
The terminal moraime.—Next in order in this historical study of 
Pleistocene of New Jersey come fresh observations concerning the great 
terminal moraine that crosses the state. The course of this prominent 
topographical feature has been re-traced and mapped with care, and 
the characteristics of its varied features described and their origin dis- 
cussed. Attention is directed to the influence of pre-glacial topography 
on the trend of the moraine. Where the country is low and offered 
few obstructions to the advancing ice, the moraine extends farther south 
than on higher and more rugged areas. The same relationship between 
the trend of the moraine and the character of the antecedent topography, 
appears also when minor features are studied. Thus at the crossing 
of every pre-glacial valley the moraine bends southward showing that 
the valley facilitated ice movement. Local elevations on the other 
hand caused the moraine to recede from its normal course. 
The moraine is a conspicuous topographic feature, especially when 
seen from its outer or southern face. In places it rises abruptly to the 
height of r4o feet above the over-washed gravel fringing its outer mar- 
gin. Its inner or northern slope is not strongly pronounced and fre- 
quently merges with gentle gradations into the drift-covered country 
that it borders. The distinction between the moraine as a topographic 
feature and the topography of the moraine is emphasized. Special 
features in the relief of the moraine and characteristic examples of 
morainic topography are described and illustrated by sketches. 
The characteristics of both the outer and inner margins of the 
moraine are described in detail, and many observations recorded in 
reference to its width, depth, and the character of the material of which 
it is composed. Its course and width, and the extent of the over-washed 
apron of gravel bordering it on the south, are shown on a large-scale 
map of the state. 
Drift deposits made under the influence of stagnant ice.—The origin 
of certain gravel terraces with irregular margins and projecting spurs, 
occurring on the sides of valleys, is explained on the hypothesis 
that the centers of the valleys where they are found were formerly 
occupied by stagnant ice, and that sand and gravel were swept into 
depressions bordering it on either side, and into crevasses in its mar- 
gins. <A mold of the ice, as it may be termed, was thus formed. When 
