362 Ie J OWIAN ALL, QUE (EVE QUEL OKG WZ. 
melting occurred, the gravel and sand were left in terraces with irregular 
valley slopes, corresponding with the irregularities of the ice against 
which they were deposited. 
These terraces, and especially their projecting spurs, formed by the 
filling of crevasses, present many of the features of kames; they are there- 
fore named Kame Terraces. his is a welcome addition to topographic 
nomenclature. The irregular outer margins and projecting spurs of 
kame terraces seem to make them specifically distinct from similar 
deposits formed on the borders of moving glaciers. 
Drift phenomena of the Palisade Ridge—The records of a detailed 
study of the glaciation of the Palisade trap ridge on the west side of 
the Hudson, occupies sixty-seven pages of the report. This long, 
even-crested monoclinal ridge, rising from 200 to 4oo feet above tide, was 
crossed obliquely by the ancient glaciers and offered a stubborn resist- 
ance to their advance, as is shown by its worn and striated surface. 
Many measurements of the direction of strie are shown on a large- 
scale map, which indicate that the average direction of the ice move- 
ment was about S. 44° E. In some instances there are two series of 
striee on the same surface, as is common in many formerly ice-covered 
regions. ‘The most probable explanation of these double records, 
according to Salisbury, seems to be that during the advance and again 
during the retreat of the ice, there were variations in its direction of 
flow, owing principally to the expansion and contraction of the 
glacial lobe under which the Palisade ridge was located. 
All of the peculiar markings known to have been made by glaciers 
on rock surfaces, such as striz, grooves, chatter marks, disruption 
gouges, etc., were discovered on the Palisade Ridge, as well as perched 
bowlders, voches moutonnées and other similar records. The till cover- 
ing a large part of the ridge presents interesting features, among which 
are blocks of sandstone, at elevations from 300 to 500 feet above the 
ledges from which they were derived, and illustrating the lifting power 
of glaciers. 
The borders of the Palisade Ridge, especially on the northwest — 
the direction from which the ice came—are in places heavily encum- 
bered with stratified gravel and sand, which record the abundance of 
the drainage from the melting ice. 
A yellow loam occurring in detached areas at various elevations on 
the Palisade Ridge is the subject of several ingenious hypotheses. The 
most plausible explanation of its origin seems to be that it was accumu- 
