374 LATE OW TRIN ALR OL) Ge OL OG Ve 
age. It appears quite probable that they belong to the Artinsk. 
stage, but it is also quite possible that they are homotaxial with 
the uppermost Coal Measures, because at the top of C, of the 
Russian Coal Measures many Permian species appear. 
The inhabitants of the Eurasian and the North American 
Carboniferous seas belong to one type, the northern of Waagen,* 
and were separated from the southern regions. 
POST-PALAZOZOIC REVOLUTION.” 
Towards the end of the Carboniferous the greater part of the 
North American continent was raised above water; this revolu- 
tion, or revolutions nearly contemporaneous with it, was very 
widespread, so that the break between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic 
has never been bridged over. Quite recently, however, Professor 
W. Waagen? has described from northwest India a set of fossils 
younger than the latest Permian and older than the oldest known 
Trias. But even here these forms are continuous with the Trias, 
but separated from the Permian by a break in life. In the West, 
therefore, the Triassic species are not descendants of the preced- 
ing local Paleozoic forms, but are foreigners, brought in by migra- 
tion from regions as yet unknown. This itself, if we had no other 
proof, would be sufficient evidence that there must have been 
great stretches of continental margin where these faunas could 
develop, and that these breeding grounds have been mostly 
obliterated by the sea, so that we find their remnants in only a 
few places, such as the Salt Range in India. 
TRIASSIC FAUNAS. 
Lower Trias—Even if we do not know where to look for the 
ancestors of the Triassic animals, we know well where to look for 
their contemporary kinsfolk. In California as yet no Lower 
Triassic fossils have been described; but rocks are here that are 
- probably of that age, so that the finding. of fossils is only a 
question of time. 
tSalt Range Fossils, Geol. Results, p. 239. 
2See TSCHERNYSCHEW, Mem. Com. Geol. Russie, Vol. III., No. 4, p. 364. 
3Jahrbuch. K. K. Geol. Reichsanstalt Wien, 1892, Vol. XLII., Vorlaufige Mit- 
theilung ueber die Ablagerungen der Trias in der Salt Range. 
