452 LLLLD SJ OOKIN ALD OLA GIAO LEO GAVE 
Again it is noticed that of the species which have migrated 
all but two have gone northward, a number being known only in 
Arctic waters at present. 
A percentage comparison of the fauna of these beds with the 
present fauna of that part of the coast would make the beds 
Pliocene. A consideration of the Arctic character of the fauna 
would place them near the end of the Pliocene or the beginning 
of the Pleistocene. In any case they probably do not differ 
greatly in age from the beds which form the top of the Merced 
series in the Santa Cruz Mountains. | 
If these observations and their interpretations have been 
correct this will make the age of the east and west ranges of 
Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties near the 
beginning of the Merced period or about the end of the Miocene ; 
while the ranges to the north were elevated at the end of the 
Merced period or near the end of the Pliocene. 
IV. ON THE RECENT HISTORY OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. 
The finding of a species living which had been supposed to 
be extinct, or which if not extinct had long since been forced by 
changing conditions to migrate to some cther region, has always 
had a peculiar interest to the student of biology or geology. Still 
more interest attaches to the finding of a fauna which belonged 
to a bygone age, and especially when the record of events is 
sufficiently clear to give a plausible reason for the presence of 
the older fauna. Such a condition of things seems to exist on 
Santa Catalina Island today. 
In the preceding study attention was called to the existence 
at San Pedro, and other points, of beds containing an abundant 
fossil fauna of probably Pliocene age. The two fossiliferous 
beds at San Pedro were deposited during a submergence of all 
the coastal region, the lower or Pliocene beds having preceded 
the submergence, the upper beds having been laid near the end 
of the elevation which followed. This movement shows most 
clearly in the topographic features of the coastal region of 
southern California. Everywhere near the coast is evidence of a 
