STUDIES IN THE NEOCENE OF CALIFORNIA. 453 
recent submergence to a depth of from 1200 to 1500 feet. The 
long stretches of plains and level benches, the old cliffs marking 
the advance of wave action, the stream topography which within 
those levels seems to be just taking a new start, are all evidence 
of the same fact. 
Santa Catalina Island is a large island lying about twenty 
miles south of San Pedro. A short time since Professor Lawson 
called attention to the fact that Santa Catalina Island had not 
shared in the general depression which had submerged the other 
islands and coastal regions.. He pointed out that the island 
shows no shore lines, no benches, no levels of erosion. The 
stream basins are all of considerable age, having deep, rugged 
valleys, and the sharp edges of the separating ridges are typical 
of subaérial erosion long continued. 
We find, then, that the conditions have remained constant 
here since the time when the Pliocene beds were being deposited 
over on the mainland. It will be of interest then to compare 
the present fauna of Santa Catalina Island with the fauna living 
now on the coast of San Pedro, and also with the fossil fauna 
found at the same place. 
By a study of Dr. Cooper’s list of Californian fossils, 1888, 
we find that five otherwise extinct species from the Pliocene or 
Quaternary of Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego are still 
living on the island: Amycla undata, Carpenter; Daphnella clath- 
rata, Gabb; Nassa insculpta, Carpenter ; Psephis salmonea, Carpen- 
ter; Solarelha peramabilis, Carpenter. There are also found 
living on the island, and fossil on the mainland, one species, 
Cryptoden flexuosus, Montagu, known elsewhere only in the North 
Atlantic; one, Lucina boreals, Linnaeus, known elsewhere only 
in Arctic waters; one, Lagueus californicus, Koch, known else- 
where only in the North Pacific. In addition to these, thirteen 
species— Littium asperum, Gabb; Callista newcombiana, Gabb; 
Cardium centifilosum, Carpenter; Chrysodomus tabulatus, Baird; 
Mala acuta, Carpenter; Leptothyra bacula, Carpenter; Lucina 
trumsculpta, Carpenter; Lunatia palida, Broderip and Sowerby ; 
™ Univ. of Cal., Bull. Dept. Geol., I., 138. 
